采用绿色溶剂离子液体(N-丁基吡啶四氟硼酸盐,[BPy]BF_4)代替传统的液体酸、碱催化剂,催化大豆油与甲醇的酯交换反应制备脂肪酸甲酯。考察了离子液体的用量、醇油摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对酯交换反应转化率的影响。优化出最适宜的操作条件为:催化剂用量为原料油质量的3%、醇-油摩尔比为3:1、反应时间为4h、反应温度为64°C,在该条件下生物柴油的转化率可达96.12%。而且在同样的反应条件下,[BPy]BF_4可重复使用3次,仍有较高的催化活性。 A green solvent ionic liquid (N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, [BPy] BF_4) was used instead of the traditional liquid acids and base catalysts to catalyze the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol to prepare fatty acid methyl esters. The effects of ionic liquid dosage, molar ratio of alcohol to oil, reaction temperature and reaction time on the conversion of transesterification were investigated. The optimized operating conditions were as follows: the amount of catalyst was 3% of the mass of feedstock, the molar ratio of alcohol to oil was 3: 1, the reaction time was 4h and the reaction temperature was 64 ° C. The conversion of biodiesel under these conditions Up to 96.12%. Under the same reaction conditions, [BPy] BF_4 can be reused for 3 times and still has higher catalytic activity.