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为了挖掘新的种质资源,对引自美国的67份小麦种质材料进行了高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成与品质性状分析。HMW-GS组成分析表明,在供试材料中共检测到20种亚基类型和25种亚基组合,表明这批材料的遗传多样性较高。在GluA1位点上,亚基1与2*的出现频率分别为16.4%与35.8%;Glu-B1位点有9个等位变异,其中出现频率最高的为7+9亚基对(47.8%);Glu-D1位点有8个等位变异,以5+10亚基对为主要类型,出现频率高达74.6%。在Glu-B1位点上发现3个不常见亚基7*、8*、8**和3个未知亚基a、b、c,还发现1个未知亚基,暂时将其标记为5*,可能位于Glu-D1位点上。亚基组合类型中,“null,7+8,5+10”的出现频率最高,为22.4%。亚基评分在5~10分之间,平均8.2分,得分在8分及其以上的材料有42份(62.69%),其中得10分的材料有9份(13.43%)。利用DA7200近红外成分分析仪对这批小麦材料的品质性状进行初步分析,结果表明其品质指标较低。这67份美国小麦材料含有的优质亚基比例较高,可作为中间材料以改良我国黄淮麦区小麦品种的亚基组成。
In order to explore new germplasm resources, the composition and quality traits of high molecular weight glutenin subunits of 67 wheat germplasm materials from the United States were analyzed. HMW-GS composition analysis showed that a total of 20 subunit types and 25 subunit combinations were detected in the tested materials, indicating that the genetic diversity of these materials is high. At the GluA1 locus, the frequencies of subunits 1 and 2 * were 16.4% and 35.8%, respectively. There were 9 alleles at the Glu-B1 locus, of which the highest frequency was found in the 7 + 9 subunit pairs (47.8% ). There were 8 alleles in the Glu-D1 locus with 5 + 10 subunit pairs as the main type, with a frequency of 74.6%. Three unusual subunits 7 *, 8 *, 8 ** and 3 unknown subunits a, b, c were found at the Glu-B1 locus. One unknown subunit was also found and temporarily labeled as 5 * , Probably at the Glu-D1 site. Among the subunit combinations, “null, 7 + 8, 5 + 10 ” appeared most frequently, at 22.4%. Subunit scores ranged from 5 to 10 with an average of 8.2 points, 42 (62.69%) with 8 points and above, and 9 (13.43%) with 10 points. Using DA7200 NIRS to analyze the quality traits of these wheat materials, the results showed that their quality indexes were lower. The 67 American wheat materials contained a high proportion of high-quality subunits and could be used as an intermediate material to improve the subunit composition of wheat varieties in China’s Huanghuai wheat area.