小麦育种的主要途径之一就是利用其近缘野生种的外源有益基因，但由于普通小麦５Ｂ染色体长臂上存在抑制部分同源染色体配对（Ｐｈ１）基因，使得在普通小麦的远缘杂交中外源有益基因不能通过易位方式直接转移到普通小麦中。若使Ｐｈ１基因发生突变或缺失，这种直接遗传转移外源有益基因即可成为现实。通过对Ｐｈ１基因的性质、作用机理及其突变体ｐｈ１ｂ基因的利用进行综述，最后提出了Ｐｈ１基因的分子生物学研究方向。 One of the main ways of wheat breeding is to utilize the exogenous gene of its close relatives, but due to the inhibition of homologous chromosome pairing (Ph1) gene on the long arm of common wheat 5B, Source beneficial genes can not be translocated directly to the general wheat by translocation. If the Ph1 gene mutation or deletion, this direct genetic transfer of exogenous gene can be a reality. By reviewing the nature and mechanism of Ph1 gene and the utilization of its mutant ph1b gene, the molecular biology of Ph1 gene was proposed.