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【目的】基于研究区10年前后农田土壤耕层(0~30 cm)有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量数据,研究土壤养分含量的空间分布特征及其时空变化趋势。【方法】对土壤养分基础数据进行统计分析,运用地理信息系统的地统计学和空间分析功能进行趋势分析和模型拟合,通过空间插值得出最佳的土壤养分空间分布图。【结果】试验区10年间土壤碱解氮、速效磷和有机质含量都有不同程度的提高,这跟试验区长期以来的肥料施用和土地科学管理有关;但是土壤碱解氮含量总体偏低,速效磷含量较高并有了一定的积累,有机质含量得到了较大改善,中低含量农田面积仍然占了86.25%。【结论】研究直观地发现土壤养分时空变化趋势,可为今后更有针对性地进行土地合理利用和精准施肥、实现精细农业提供参考。
【Objective】 Based on the data of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the topsoil (0-30 cm) of farmland 10 years ago, the spatial distribution of soil nutrient content and its temporal and spatial variation trend were studied. 【Method】 Based on the statistical analysis of the basic data of soil nutrients, the geostatistics and spatial analysis functions of GIS were used to conduct trend analysis and model fitting. The spatial distribution of soil nutrients was obtained through spatial interpolation. 【Result】 The contents of soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter all increased to some extent in the experimental area in 10 years, which was related to the long-term application of fertilizers and the scientific management of the soil in the experimental area. However, the total nitrogen content in soil was generally low, The phosphorus content is higher and has a certain accumulation, organic matter content has been greatly improved, low and medium content of farmland still accounts for 86.25%. 【Conclusion】 The study found that the temporal and spatial variation trend of soil nutrients can intuitively find out more reasonable land use and precise fertilization in the future and provide a reference for the development of fine agriculture.