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目的 探讨神经内科下呼吸道感染住院患者的抗菌药物利用情况,促进患者的合理用药.方法 自辽宁省两城市4家三级甲等医院随机选取2014年1月1日-2016年1月1日神经内科并下呼吸道感染住院患者3 200例,提取抗菌药物使用相关信息,计算用药频率、药物利用指数.结果 抗菌药物使用以头孢菌素类为主(65.34％),药物利用指数比较集中,最大值为2.00(头孢哌酮-舒巴坦),最小值为0.66(头孢匹罗);药物利用指数接近于1的抗菌药物有氨曲南(1.01)、环丙沙星(1.01)、万古霉素(1.02)、苯唑西林(1.03)、头孢唑肟(1.04)、头孢甲肟(1.05).结论 辽宁两城市神经内科下呼吸道感染患者抗菌药物药物利用指数值比较集中,但仍需进一步加强对抗菌药物合理性应用的监管.“,”Objective To examine antibiotics use among neurological inpatients with lower respiratory tract infection for the promotion of rational application of antibiotic to the inpatients.Methods Using random sampling,3 200 neurological inpatients with lower respiratory tract infection were selected from 4 hospitals of grade Ⅲ class A in 2 cities of Liaoning province between January 1,2014 and January 1,2016.Information on antibiotic use among the inpatients were extracted and the frequency of antibiotic use and drug utilization index (DUI) of the inpatients were calculated.Results The main antibiotic used among the inpatients was cephalosporins (65.34％).For all the antibiotics used,the drug with maximum drug utilization index (DUI) was cefoperazone-sulbactam (2.00) and the drug with maximum DUI was cefpirome (0.66).The utilized antibiotics with the DUI approximately to one were aztreonam (1.01),ciprofloxacin (1.01),vancomycin (1.02),oxacillin (1.03),ceftizoxime (1.04),and cefmenoxime (1.05),respectively.Conclusion The values of drug utilization index were relatively centralized for the antibiotics used among neurological inpatients with lower respiratory tract infection in large hospitals in two cities of Liaoning province,but supervision on rational utilization of antibiotics still needs to be strengthened.