论文部分内容阅读
美国的国土与我们相当,但是美国人口仅有3亿,而我们有13亿。如果对数字没有概念,那么到美国走走,看看美国人的住房,就有形象、直观的印象了。中国人把住宅都摞起来了,美国人把住宅都铺开去。所以,你看美国的一般城市,除去商业区几乎见不到高层建筑,更像我们的乡村。
美国人的住房大多是house,我们通常称为“别墅”,一般是独立的建筑,前面临街是房子的正门,后面的后门有独立的院子,是自己的专属空间,有的设有花园或车库,再有钱或许会有游泳池。我们在美国的电影中常常见到的就是这种房子。很少有像我们的单元楼,十几家甚至几十家住一个单元。他们也有单元楼叫apartment或rooming house,不过大多是用来出租的,学生和单身人士占房客的多数。这种房子在中小城市不多,较大城市的中心区域更多些。说到这让我想起了台湾柏杨先生的一句话:住美国房子,娶日本老婆。这前半句得到了印证。
从美国人的住宅上我们可以看出美国人的性格,讲求独立有个性。在一条街上,你几乎看不到重样的房子,各具特色,风格迥异,彰显了房主的个性。就像一个世界住宅建筑博览会,可以找到世界任何一个民族建筑风格的影子。不过,无论是怎样的风格,看起来绝没有奢华、张扬的气息,而是透着平和、朴实,这也与美国人讲求实用的性格相一致。很多美国人钟爱老房子,在一些城市里百八十年的老房子还保存得很好,并且要比新房子贵很多。新住户装修房子会保持原有的装饰风格,修旧如旧,老房子的门口或许还会有曾经房主的名字及房屋建造的时间等。他们很多人会自己动手装修自己的房子,一间、一间地来,所以工期会拖很长,半年甚至一年。
普通美国人的住房面积会比我们的稍微大一些,一层的、两层的居多,也有三层甚至四层的,那要看家庭的经济状况。因为美国的房子买了之后还要每年交房产税,越大交的越多,这也是一些人在退休后收入减少了要马上换小一点房子的原因。他们的住宅通常是要进行装修的,很多家庭都是自己设计,自己动手,全家齐上阵,既经济又可以表现自己的品味。门前的小花园,也是他们表现智慧和修养的舞台,走在街上常常会为门前一些富有创意的园艺设计惊讶。
从上世纪70年代到今天的金融危机前,美国经济经历了一个高速的成长时期,普通住房的房价也已经翻了几番甚至几十番。当然美国跟我们一样,不同地区,不同城市房价还是有一些差别的。一般东西部高于中部,大城市高于小城市。好像世界上的人不论居住在何地无一例外地都喜欢大海,所以海边的房子是最贵的。中国人喜欢靠山面水而居,而美国人好像不太讲究是否有水。除了海边,许多美国人的豪宅建在山上,大概是有钱人要高高在上,居高临下。到美国想了解美国的房价,实在太方便了。街边上有许多报箱,一排好几个,其中一定有免费取阅的售房广告,有薄有厚,印刷精美。加油站的小超市里也常常放一些类似的广告册子提供给大家,如果你有时间可以慢慢地细看。
顺便说一下。大家都知道美国是一个移民国家,但到了美国才发现,各个民族并不是我们想象的那种完全的相互融合。就像一杯油和水的悬浮液,虽然融合,但又保持各自的相对独立性。这在居住方式上就可以看得出来,美国有中国城,还有日本城;有黑人居住区,还有墨西哥人居住区;甚至有意大利人、西班牙人居住区。在区内他们不仅保留自己的语言,还保持着自己的一些民族传统。住宅的民族特色,就是很鲜明的民族符号。
The territory of America is almost the same as China’s. However, the population of America is only 300 million—China has 1.3 billion. If you have no idea of numbers, you can go to see the houses in America. While the Chinese people have a craze for skyscrapers, the American people live in houses. So in the ordinary cities of America, you hardly see any tall buildings except in the commercial areas—just like China’s countryside.
We usually call the houses in America “villas”. They are unique houses with front doors opening on the street and back doors with yards. Some of them have gardens or garages. The richer families may have swimming pools. China’s residential buildings have some units where ten or more or even several tens of families live in one unit. America also has the similar buildings called apartment blocks or rooming house. They are usually rented to students or singles.
The house area of the ordinary Americans is slightly larger than ours. Most of their houses are one storey or two stories, but some are three or four stories—according to their economic conditions. Their houses usually need to be decorated. Many families do the decoration all by themselves, which can cost less money and show their taste. The small gardens in front of their houses are the stage for showing their wisdom and culture. When walking along the streets, you will often be surprised by the innovative gardening design.
America is a country of immigrants. However, when you come here, you will discover that although the nations here permeate each other, they retain their relative independence. There is a China Town, Japanese Town, and the residential areas for the black, Mexican, Italian, and Spanish. In their own areas, they retain their languages and folk tradition. The folk characteristic of their residences is a vivid folk symbol.
美国人的住房大多是house,我们通常称为“别墅”,一般是独立的建筑,前面临街是房子的正门,后面的后门有独立的院子,是自己的专属空间,有的设有花园或车库,再有钱或许会有游泳池。我们在美国的电影中常常见到的就是这种房子。很少有像我们的单元楼,十几家甚至几十家住一个单元。他们也有单元楼叫apartment或rooming house,不过大多是用来出租的,学生和单身人士占房客的多数。这种房子在中小城市不多,较大城市的中心区域更多些。说到这让我想起了台湾柏杨先生的一句话:住美国房子,娶日本老婆。这前半句得到了印证。
从美国人的住宅上我们可以看出美国人的性格,讲求独立有个性。在一条街上,你几乎看不到重样的房子,各具特色,风格迥异,彰显了房主的个性。就像一个世界住宅建筑博览会,可以找到世界任何一个民族建筑风格的影子。不过,无论是怎样的风格,看起来绝没有奢华、张扬的气息,而是透着平和、朴实,这也与美国人讲求实用的性格相一致。很多美国人钟爱老房子,在一些城市里百八十年的老房子还保存得很好,并且要比新房子贵很多。新住户装修房子会保持原有的装饰风格,修旧如旧,老房子的门口或许还会有曾经房主的名字及房屋建造的时间等。他们很多人会自己动手装修自己的房子,一间、一间地来,所以工期会拖很长,半年甚至一年。
普通美国人的住房面积会比我们的稍微大一些,一层的、两层的居多,也有三层甚至四层的,那要看家庭的经济状况。因为美国的房子买了之后还要每年交房产税,越大交的越多,这也是一些人在退休后收入减少了要马上换小一点房子的原因。他们的住宅通常是要进行装修的,很多家庭都是自己设计,自己动手,全家齐上阵,既经济又可以表现自己的品味。门前的小花园,也是他们表现智慧和修养的舞台,走在街上常常会为门前一些富有创意的园艺设计惊讶。
从上世纪70年代到今天的金融危机前,美国经济经历了一个高速的成长时期,普通住房的房价也已经翻了几番甚至几十番。当然美国跟我们一样,不同地区,不同城市房价还是有一些差别的。一般东西部高于中部,大城市高于小城市。好像世界上的人不论居住在何地无一例外地都喜欢大海,所以海边的房子是最贵的。中国人喜欢靠山面水而居,而美国人好像不太讲究是否有水。除了海边,许多美国人的豪宅建在山上,大概是有钱人要高高在上,居高临下。到美国想了解美国的房价,实在太方便了。街边上有许多报箱,一排好几个,其中一定有免费取阅的售房广告,有薄有厚,印刷精美。加油站的小超市里也常常放一些类似的广告册子提供给大家,如果你有时间可以慢慢地细看。
顺便说一下。大家都知道美国是一个移民国家,但到了美国才发现,各个民族并不是我们想象的那种完全的相互融合。就像一杯油和水的悬浮液,虽然融合,但又保持各自的相对独立性。这在居住方式上就可以看得出来,美国有中国城,还有日本城;有黑人居住区,还有墨西哥人居住区;甚至有意大利人、西班牙人居住区。在区内他们不仅保留自己的语言,还保持着自己的一些民族传统。住宅的民族特色,就是很鲜明的民族符号。
The territory of America is almost the same as China’s. However, the population of America is only 300 million—China has 1.3 billion. If you have no idea of numbers, you can go to see the houses in America. While the Chinese people have a craze for skyscrapers, the American people live in houses. So in the ordinary cities of America, you hardly see any tall buildings except in the commercial areas—just like China’s countryside.
We usually call the houses in America “villas”. They are unique houses with front doors opening on the street and back doors with yards. Some of them have gardens or garages. The richer families may have swimming pools. China’s residential buildings have some units where ten or more or even several tens of families live in one unit. America also has the similar buildings called apartment blocks or rooming house. They are usually rented to students or singles.
The house area of the ordinary Americans is slightly larger than ours. Most of their houses are one storey or two stories, but some are three or four stories—according to their economic conditions. Their houses usually need to be decorated. Many families do the decoration all by themselves, which can cost less money and show their taste. The small gardens in front of their houses are the stage for showing their wisdom and culture. When walking along the streets, you will often be surprised by the innovative gardening design.
America is a country of immigrants. However, when you come here, you will discover that although the nations here permeate each other, they retain their relative independence. There is a China Town, Japanese Town, and the residential areas for the black, Mexican, Italian, and Spanish. In their own areas, they retain their languages and folk tradition. The folk characteristic of their residences is a vivid folk symbol.