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【目的】系统测定云南常见野生牛肝菌中总Hg含量,分析不同产地、种类及不同部位牛肝菌对Hg的富集规律和积累特征,评价野生牛肝菌的食用安全性,为野生食用菌产业的发展和食用安全评估提供数据依据。【方法】采用MA-2000直接测Hg仪—冷原子吸收光谱法测定牛肝菌菌盖、菌柄中总Hg含量,计算同一牛肝菌菌盖与菌柄总Hg含量比(QC/S),分析不同种类、部位牛肝菌中总Hg含量的差异和富集规律。根据中国《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2012)规定的食用菌中Hg限量标准及联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)规定的每周Hg允许摄入量(provisional tolerable weekly intake,PTWI)现行标准,评价云南野生牛肝菌的食用安全性。【结果】同一子实体菌盖与菌柄的比值(QC/S)在0.3~8.8之间,95%牛肝菌样品菌盖、菌柄总Hg含量比(QC/S)≥1,表明多数牛肝菌菌盖对Hg的富集能力强于菌柄。本研究中多数野生牛肝菌菌盖、菌柄总Hg含量超过GB 2762—2012规定的食用菌中Hg含量限量标准(≤0.1 mg/kg);根据PTWI标准,假设成年人(60 kg)每周食用300 g新鲜牛肝菌,则多数样品Hg摄入量低于允许摄入量,无安全风险,而2013年采自玉溪大营街的美味牛肝菌,2012年采自楚雄永仁县的铜色牛肝菌及2014年采自玉溪新平的绒柄牛肝菌等少数样品Hg摄入量高于该标准。【结论】不同产地、种类牛肝菌菌盖、菌柄中总Hg含量存在明显差异,有少数牛肝菌总Hg含量超过相关标准,食用具有一定的潜在风险。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to systematically determine the total Hg content of common wild Boletus edulis in Yunnan and to analyze the enrichment and accumulating characteristics of Hg in different producing areas, species and different parts of Boletus edulis, evaluate the edible safety of wild Boletus edulis, The development of bacteria industry and food safety assessment provide data basis. 【Method】 The content of total Hg in cap and stem of bolete was determined by MA-2000 direct measurement Hg-cold atomic absorption spectrometry, and the ratio of total Hg content (QC / S) The differences and enrichment rules of total Hg content in different species and parts of bolete were analyzed. According to the Hg limits of edible mushrooms in China’s “National Food Safety Standard for Contaminants in Foods” (GB 2762-2012) and the allowable intake of Hg per week (FAO / WHO) (FAO / WHO) provisional tolerable weekly intake, PTWI) to evaluate the safety of wild Boletus edulis in Yunnan Province. 【Result】 The results showed that the ratio of QC / S of the same fruiting body to the stipe was between 0.3 and 8.8, the percentage of 95% porcini bacteria and the total Hg content of the carotenoid (QC / S) ≥1, indicating that the majority Boletus cap on Hg enrichment ability than stipe. In this study, the majority of wild boletus cap, total Hg content in the stem exceeds the limit of Hg content (≤0.1 mg / kg) in edible mushrooms specified in GB 2762-2012. According to the PTWI standard, assuming that adults (60 kg) Week 300 g of fresh boletus, the majority of samples Hg intake is lower than the allowable intake, no safety risk, while in 2013 from Yuxi Daying Street delicious Boletus, 2012 from the Chuxiong Yongren County Of bronchus boletus and a few samples collected from 2014 in Yuxi Xinping were higher than the standard Hg intake. 【Conclusion】 The contents of total Hg in the cap and stem of bolete of different producing areas and species are obviously different. The content of total Hg of a few bolete exceeds the relevant standard, and there is a certain potential risk for consumption.