392例肺部局灶性病变,术后有72例不符合术前诊断,以肺癌、肺结核多见。肺癌、肺结核的诊断符合率、误诊率和漏诊率分别为78.5％、96.9％,8.6％、12.3％,21.5％、2.8％。肺癌漏诊率高达21.5％,应引起临床注意。作者对肺癌和肺结核的临床诊断作了简短的讨论。 392 cases of focal pulmonary lesions, 72 cases after surgery do not meet the preoperative diagnosis, with lung cancer, tuberculosis more common. The rates of diagnosis, misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of lung cancer and tuberculosis were 78.5%, 96.9%, 8.6%, 12.3%, 21.5%, and 2.8%, respectively. The rate of missed diagnosis of lung cancer is as high as 21.5%, which should cause clinical attention. The author briefly discussed the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer and tuberculosis.