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人的现代化是人的发展可以预见的目标。但是，通过什么途径实现人的现代化，人们的认识却不尽一致。本文以唯物史观为指导，从理论与现实两个层面对一种流行的说法，即“要实现社会的现代化，必须首先实现人的现代化；没有人的现代化，就不可能有社会的现代化”进行了辨析。在理论层面上，主要讨论了“从（抽象的）人出发，还是从人的社会存在出发”“人是前提还是结果”“人是目的还是手段”等问题。在现实层面上，通过对我国近代以来在追求现代化过程中认识误区的分析，强调只有坚持走以经济建设为中心、改革开放、发展社会主义市场经济，同时又大力加强社会主义精神文明建设的“两个文明一起抓”之路，才是实现我国社会主义现代化从而实现人的现代化的必由之路。
Human modernization is the foreseeable goal of human development. However, people realize their modernization through different ways. This article takes the historical materialism as the guidance, from the theory and the reality two levels of a popular saying that “to achieve social modernization, we must first realize the modernization of mankind; without human modernization, there can be no social modernization” Discrimination. On the theoretical level, it mainly discusses such questions as “whether from (abstract) people or from the social existence of human beings,” “is a person’s precondition or a result?” “Is man’s purpose or means?” And other issues. At the realistic level, through the analysis of our misunderstanding in the pursuit of modernization since modern times, we emphasize that only by adhering to the principle of taking economic construction as the center, reforming and opening up, developing the socialist market economy, and at the same time vigorously strengthening the socialist spiritual civilization, The two civilizations should grasp together "is the only way to realize the socialist modernization in our country so as to realize the modernization of mankind.