列方程解应用题在解题思路和解答方法上和算术解法有着许多不同。用算术方法解答应用题,是以四则运算和常见的数量关系为基础,通过分析已知数和未知数之间的数量关系,以求出未知数为目标,是用已知数和运算符号组成算式来进行解答。列方程解应用题不仅要以四则运算和常用的数量关系为基础,而且还需要把未知数当成已知数参与运算(列式),其解题思路与学生已掌握的思维方法截然不同。因此,学生认知结构中的用算术方法解答应用题的知识,可以成为学生学习新知的基础,也可能会形成知识的负迁移,对学生列方程解题的思维产生干扰。其干扰可以概括为四个“不习惯”:不习惯把未知数当成已知条件,与原有的已知条件放在一起 Column equation solution problems in the problem-solving ideas and solution methods and arithmetic solutions have many differences. Arithmetic method to solve the problem, based on four operations and the relationship between the number of common basis, by analyzing the number of known and unknown relations between the number of unknown to the goal is to use known numbers and symbols to form an arithmetic operator Answer. The solution to the problem of column equations not only needs to be based on the relationship between the four operations and the commonly used quantities, but also needs to take the unknowns as the known numbers to participate in the calculation (column type). The way of solving problems is very different from the thinking method that students have mastered. Therefore, using the arithmetic method to solve the knowledge of the applied questions in the cognitive structure of students can become the basis for students to learn new knowledge, and may also lead to the negative transfer of knowledge, which will interfere with the thinking of students' equations. Its interference can be summarized as four “not used”: not used to the unknown as a known condition, together with the original known conditions