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目的了解农村家庭储水卫生现状及影响家庭储水水质的风险因素。方法于2007年采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法抽取东、中、西部8个省的8个县40个乡镇,对农户的家庭储水现状进行现场调查,对存储前、后的水质进行比较分析,并采用Logistic回归对影响家庭储水水质的风险因素进行筛选。结果有95.05%的农户采用专门的储水器盛装饮用水。储水器材质以搪瓷和塑料的居多,分别占40.53%和34.19%。取水容器材质主要以塑料制品为主,占62.31%。经过储存后饮用水中的菌落总数、总大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群合格率明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,储水器周围存在污染源、外部不清洁、储水器破裂泄漏、储水器无盖或盖不严(清洁)、不经常清洗储水器、取水器皿暴露和储水时间过长是造成水中菌落总数超标的主要因素。各地居民均存在有饮用生水的情况,占60.11%,有89.11%的农户对目前的饮用水满意或基本满意。结论农村家庭储水条件较差,是影响农村饮水安全性的主要风险因素。
Objective To understand the current status of rural household water storage and health and the risk factors affecting the household water quality. Methods In 2007, stratified multistage random sampling method was used to extract 40 villages and towns in 8 counties of 8 provinces in east, middle and west China. The household water storage of farmers was investigated on site and the water quality before and after storage was compared Logistic regression was used to screen the risk factors affecting the household water quality. As a result, 95.05% of farmers used special water storage containers for drinking water. Water storage materials to the majority of enamel and plastic, accounting for 40.53% and 34.19%. The main material to take water containers plastic products, accounting for 62.31%. After storage of drinking water in the total number of colonies, total coliform and heat-resistant coliform bacteria significantly decreased the pass rate, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed sources of contamination around the water reservoir, external uncleanness, leaks in the water reservoir, uncapped or unsafe reservoirs, unclean water closures, improper water dish exposures and water retention times Long is caused by the total number of colonies in the water exceeded the main factor. There are 60.11% of the residents drinking water, and 89.11% of them are satisfied or almost satisfied with the current drinking water. Conclusion Poor water storage conditions in rural households are the main risk factors affecting the safety of drinking water in rural areas.