通过衍射线指标和面网指标的联系讨论了晶体的对称性对衍射指标h和k互换的影响。在下列情况下衍射指标h和k是不能互换的:在低级晶族;在四方晶系C_(4h)—4/m劳厄点群,六方品系C_(6h)—6/m劳厄点群和立方晶系T_h—m3劳厄点群对于hko和kkl型衍射;在三方晶系选取六方晶胞的情况下,在C_(3i)—3劳厄点群对于hol,okl,hko和hkl型衍射,在D_(3d)—3m劳厄点群对于holokl和hkl型衍射,以及在菱面体点阵除非h和k都是三的倍数。 The influence of crystal symmetry on the diffraction index h and k exchange is discussed by the relationship between diffraction line index and surface network index. Diffraction indices h and k are not interchangeable in the following cases: in the lower class; in the tetragonal C_ (4h) -4 / m Laue point group, the hexagonal line C_ (6h) -6 / m Laue point Group and cubic system T_h-m3 Laue point group for hko and kkl type diffraction; in the case of the hexagonal cells of the tripartite system, in the C_ (3i) -3 Laue point group for the hol, okl, hko and hkl Type diffraction at D_ (3d) -3m Laue point groups for holokl and hkl type diffraction, as well as in rhombohedral lattice unless h and k are both multiples of three.