肾脏是泌尿系统的重要器官,主要功能是分泌尿液以维持机体水和电解质及酸碱平衡,参与保持机体内环境的稳定。老年人由于全身器官生理功能下降,因而发生急性肾功能衰竭的机会多且预后严重,并常会出现各系统的并发症,如感染、上消化道 The kidney is an important organ of the urinary system, the main function is to secrete urine to maintain the body’s water and electrolyte and acid-base balance, involved in maintaining the body’s environment stability. Due to the decline of the physiological function of the whole body organ, the elderly have more chances of having acute renal failure and have a serious prognosis, and often have various system complications such as infection, upper gastrointestinal tract