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近代中西特殊的机缘际会下,中国迈出了近代化的步伐,城市的经济功能日渐凸显,城市与乡村的平衡被打破①,各色人等涌向城市谋生。当人们从“熟人社会”进入到陌生的城市空间时,为迅速适应城市新生活,他们进行着多层次的社会交往,努力重构社会关系,争取更多社会资源。有赖于此,近代各式各样的社会团体极为兴盛。目前,学术界对近代社会团体的研究,总体而言,主要以中国本土型社团为对象,集中于对同乡组织、同业公会、学术团体、
In the modern era, special opportunities for both China and the West came into being. China has taken the pace of modernization. The economic function of the city has become increasingly prominent. The balance between the city and the countryside has been broken. People of all kinds flock to cities for a living. When people enter the unfamiliar urban space from “acquaintance society ”, in order to quickly adapt to the new life of the city, they conduct multi-level social exchanges and strive to reconstruct social relations and strive for more social resources. Thanks to this, a great variety of social organizations in modern times flourished. At present, the research on modern social groups in academia generally focuses on Chinese native-type associations and focuses on the study of home-based organizations, trade associations, academic groups,