用灭活子孢子作为有效的疟疾疫苗的研究可追溯到本世纪的头十年Sergent等(1910)的工作。然而正是Mulligan等早在1940年的工作给以后的研究者树立了样板,那时研究表明,以灭活的鸡疟原虫子孢子免疫的鸟,对同种的子孢子攻击有50%可存活。25年以后,Richards(1966)继续研究,用经紫外线照射过的子孢子,干燥或福尔马林处理后,以3个不同的剂量兔疫动物,发现20个鸟中至少有18只得到保护;而用经冻融过的子孢 Studies using inactivated sporozoites as effective malaria vaccines date back to the work of Sergent et al. (1910) in the first decade of this century. Yet it was the work of Mulligan et al., As early as 1940, that set the scene for later researchers who showed that birds immunized with the killed sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum had 50% of the same sporozoite attacks . Twenty-five years later, Richards (1966) went on to study the effect of vaccinating three animals with at least 18 out of 20 birds after being irradiated with UV-irradiated sporozoites, dried or formalin ; With frozen-thawed spores