【摘 要】
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Dear Editor,Bladder cancer is the most common type of genitourinary cancer in China,with an estimated 80,500 new cases and 32,900 related deaths in 2015 alone (
【机 构】
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Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China“,”Key Laboratory
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Dear Editor,Bladder cancer is the most common type of genitourinary cancer in China,with an estimated 80,500 new cases and 32,900 related deaths in 2015 alone (Chen et al.,2016).Unlike many other cancers,there has been no significant improvement in survival rates for bladder cancer over the last three decades.Specific treatment regimens for bladder cancer and their efficacy vary depending not only on clinical stages,but also on associated risk factors and other personal clinical characteristics.Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) have a high 5-year recurrence rate of 60％-70％ (Berdik,2017) and those with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has a relatively poor prognosis with approximately 65％ risk of death within 5-year follow-up (Kamat et al.,2016).Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop models for bladder cancer to screen for rational treatment strategies by personalized medicine to improve the clinical assessment and treatment of bladder cancer.
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