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现有的认知模式主要依据了19世纪奠定的知识体系:人与自然、人与社会、人与人这三大关系所形成的自然科学、社会科学和人文科学。然而这三大学科形成的体系被20世纪的爱因斯坦、弗洛伊德、布留尔、本尼迪克特等人的研究所打破,原有的研究范式和认知模式不断被取代。实际上,世界呈现何种面貌,在于人们如何看待它,以什么方式提出问题。于是,单一的知识结论型由此转向多元问题性模式。而对问题性研究一般采取三种研究范式,即在观念的支配下或在数据的分析下归纳并推进理论和观念的个案研究;在整体观照下通过异同对价值结构的
The existing cognitive model is mainly based on the knowledge system laid in the 19th century: the natural sciences, social sciences and humanities formed by the three major relationships: human beings and nature, human beings and society, and human beings. However, the system formed by the three major disciplines was broken by the research of Einstein, Freud, Buber and Benedict in the 20th century, and the original research paradigm and cognitive model were continuously replaced. In fact, what is the appearance of the world depends on how people think of it and how it is raised. As a result, the single knowledge conclusion turned to the multiple problem mode. Three research paradigms are generally adopted for problem research, that is, under the control of concepts or data analysis, case studies of theories and concepts are summarized and promoted. In the overall view, the value structure