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汉语中的使役动词一般是指表示致使,命令,使役等行为的动词。汉语的以使役动词“使”的使用最具有代表性。使役动词有自己的特点,从语义的角度来说,使役动词“使”存在着使役义的使役虚化,“使”字存在着从使役义到致使义的转变。从语用的角度来说,使役动词“使”也存在着从使役用法到致使用法的转变。而根据美国学者威廉·舒茲提出的基本人际关系取向理论,主要三种人际关系需求体现为:包容性需求人际关系,支配性需求人际关系和情感性需求人际关系。本文试图探讨“使”字在语义及语用方面的虚化特点,及“使”的使役虚化所体现的需求性人际关系。
Causative verbs in Chinese generally refer to verbs that indicate act, order, service, etc. The use of causative verbs “使” in Chinese is most representative. Causative verbs have their own characteristics. From the semantic point of view, the causative verb “ma ” has the function of causative justice. “Ca ” exists the change from causative justice to causative justice. From a pragmatic point of view, the causative verb “makes ” also has the transition from the service usage to the usage usage. According to the basic theory of human relations orientation put forward by American scholar William Schultz, the three main interpersonal relationships are embodied as follows: inclusive interpersonal relationship, dominant interpersonal relationship and emotional interpersonal relationship. This paper attempts to explore the “semantic” and “pragmatic” ambiguous features of “make ”, and the desirability of interpersonal relationships embodied in the fuzzification of “making ”.