“力”作为评价艺术的尺度,在造型艺术中已司空见惯了。完形心理学美学家们认为,艺术式样中的每一个视觉式样都是一个“力”的式样。艺术作品所追求的不仅仅是平衡、和谐及统一,而且要获得一种由“方向性张力”(directed tensions)所构成的“力”的式样。他们认为,任何一个有机结构的艺术式样都是由它所包含的“力”所组成的。艺术作品之所以能通过无生命的媒介(如绘画、雕塑等)来再现运动的生命机体,正是艺术作品中那种“力”的作用结果。完形心理学美学的代表人物鲁道夫·阿恩海姆(RudolfArnhcin)就认为,生命感就是通过 As a measure of art, “force” has become commonplace in plastic arts. Gestalt psychology estheticians believe that every visual pattern in art style is a “force” pattern. Art works seek more than just balance, harmony and unity, but also a style of “force” composed of “directed tensions”. They believe that the artistic style of any organic structure consists of the “force” it contains. The reason why works of art can reproduce the living body of the movement through inanimate media (such as paintings, sculptures, etc.) is the result of the “force” in the works of art. Rudolf Arnhcin, representative of Gestalt psychology aesthetics, believes that the sense of life is through