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要深化对计划与市场问题的研究,必须对计划与市场的历史演变过程进行全面细致的考证,并突出探明现代商品经济中调节方式的根本特征,在此基础上,才能对社会主义计划与市场的配置和操作做出准确的对策抉择。一、社会经济宏观调控方式的历史转换现代经济的运行机制及其轨迹表明,不论对西方发达的资本主义还是对社会主义来说,宏观调控都是经济控制的基本形式。现代经济宏观调控的形式主要有两种:一种是经济指标,包括国民经济近期、中期、长期的发展规划、经济发展的产值指标、利润指标、实物指标、收入指标、消费指标等。这些指标可以通过宏观管理体制分解到各个生产部门、各个行业以及各个企业,作为生产发展的参数指标和约束指标。经济指标是相对性的定量控制指标,在一定时期内它对社会各经济单位的控制施以静态性的经济约束。另一种是经济参数,
In order to deepen the study on planning and market issues, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive and meticulous examination of the historical evolution of planning and markets and to highlight the fundamental characteristics of the methods of regulation in modern commodity economy. Only on this basis can we study the relationship between the socialist plan and Market configuration and operation to make the right decision. I. Historical Transformation of Macroeconomic Regulation and Control of Society and Economy The operation mechanism and its trajectory of modern economy show that macro-control is the basic form of economic control for developed western capitalism and for socialism. There are two main forms of macroeconomic regulation and control in the modern economy. One is economic indicators, including the recent, medium-term and long-term development plans of the national economy, the output value, profit target, real target, income target and consumption target of economic development. These indicators can be decomposed into various production departments, various industries and various enterprises through the macro-management system as parameter indicators and constraint indicators for the development of production. Economic indicators are indicators of quantitative control of relativity. In a certain period, it imposes static economic constraints on the control of all economic units in the society. The other is economic parameters,