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最近,印度尼西亚政府通过了一部新的国家社会保障法。支持者说,这将使现有的社会机制更有利于受益者,并将使社会保障范围扩大到包含更多的工人及其家庭(包括在正式部门和非正式部门)。然而,反对者却认为新法案存在着很多缺陷。本文旨在评析这项法案,并预计它对印度尼西亚的工人和整个经济可能产生的影响。通过上述分析,我们可以断言,该新法所反映的政府计划存在着一些严重的缺陷,诸如导致印度尼西亚劳动力市场状况的恶化、财力不可持续和加大对政府预算的压力等。而且,它也不允许在向印尼人提供社会保障福利方面进行竞争。较好的政策应该能够加强家庭赡养机制,这一直是向印度尼西亚老年人提供保障的主要来源。此外,印度尼西亚应该认真考虑实行一种基于广泛采用的“多支柱(层次)养老制度模式”的社会保障机制,来取代当前政府对社会保障的垄断。
Recently, the Indonesian government passed a new national social security law. Proponents say this will make existing social mechanisms more beneficial to beneficiaries and will extend social protection to include more workers and their families, both in the formal and informal sectors. However, opponents argue that the new law has many shortcomings. This article aims to assess the bill and estimate its possible impact on Indonesian workers and the economy as a whole. From the above analysis, we can assert that there are some serious flaws in the government plan reflected in the new law, such as the deterioration of the labor market in Indonesia, the unsustainability of financial resources and the pressure on the government budget. Moreover, it does not allow competition in providing social security benefits to Indonesians. Better policies should strengthen household support mechanisms, which have been the main source of protection for the elderly in Indonesia. In addition, Indonesia should seriously consider implementing a social security mechanism based on the widely adopted “multi-pillars (pension systems) model” to replace the current government’s monopoly on social security.