一、问题的提出从突出矿井煤层赋存条件来看,全国大约有一半以上是无解放层可采或不能全面开采解放层的。大量煤与瓦斯突出的事例表明,无解放层可采的单一煤层开采中,又以煤巷掘进发生的突出最多,对生产的影响最为严重。就湖南省煤矿而言,据初步统计,至1982年全省县属以上煤矿70对突出矿井中,共发生突出3421次,突出总煤量235584t,而煤巷掘进即发生2549次,突出煤量157544 I. PROBLEM PROBLEMS From the point of view of highlighting the conditions in which coal mines are hosted, about half of the country is free to exploit or fully exploit the liberated strata. The large number of cases of coal and gas outburst shows that in the mining of a single coal seam without a liberated layer, the most prominent one is coal tunneling, which has the most serious impact on production. For the coal mines in Hunan Province, according to preliminary statistics, up to 1982, there were 3421 outstanding coal mines in the 70 counties above the county level in the province, highlighting the total coal mass of 235584t, while coal mining took place 2549 times, 157544