论文部分内容阅读
聚烯烃纳米复合材料为聚烯烃材料带来广阔的性能提升空间,其研究开发工作引起了人们的广泛关注。聚烯烃共价键接枝纳米材料在制备高性能聚烯烃纳米复合材料方面有重要应用。接枝聚烯烃提高了纳米材料与聚烯烃基体之间的相容性,提供良好的界面作用力,从而有效促进纳米材料在聚烯烃基体中均匀分散、极大提高了聚烯烃纳米复合材料的相关性能。三种途径可以用来制备聚烯烃共价键接枝纳米材料:Graft-onto、Graft-from、Graft-through。Graft-onto方法是端基或侧基功能化聚烯烃与纳米材料表面活性基团或碳结构进行接枝反应的过程。由于功能化聚烯烃具有高度反应活性且方便得到,Graft-onto方法占据了制备聚烯烃共价键接枝纳米材料的主流。Graft-from和Graft-through方法中聚烯烃接枝过程即为烯烃聚合过程,实施较为困难,因而文献报道相对较少。本文对聚烯烃共价键接枝纳米材料的制备及其相应的聚烯烃纳米复合材料的最新研究进展进行了综述,着重讨论了聚烯烃接枝对聚烯烃纳米复合材料性能的影响。所涉及纳米材料包括二氧化硅(零维)、碳纳米管(一维)和石墨烯(二维)。
Polyolefin nanocomposites bring vast performance improvement space for polyolefin materials, and their research and development work has drawn people’s attention. Polyolefin covalently grafted nanomaterials have important applications in the preparation of high-performance polyolefin nanocomposites. Grafted polyolefin improves the compatibility between the polyolefin matrix nanomaterials and provide a good interface force, thereby effectively promoting nano material uniformly dispersed in a polyolefin-based material, greatly improves the correlation polyolefin nanocomposite performance. Three ways can be used to prepare polyolefin covalent grafted nanomaterials: Graft-onto, Graft-from, Graft-through. Graft-onto method is a terminal or pendant functionalized polyolefin and nanostructured surface active groups or grafting reaction of carbon structure. Graft-onto methods dominate the preparation of polyolefin covalently grafted nanomaterials due to the highly reactive and easily accessible functionalized polyolefins. Graft-from and Graft-through method of polyolefin grafting process is the olefin polymerization process, the implementation is more difficult, and thus reported in the literature is relatively small. In this paper, the preparation of polyolefin covalently grafted nanomaterials and the recent research progress of their corresponding polyolefin nanocomposites are reviewed. The effects of polyolefin grafting on the properties of polyolefin nanocomposites are discussed. The nanomaterials involved include silica (zero-dimensional), carbon nanotubes (one-dimensional) and graphene (two-dimensional).