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医疗技术的发展使得癌症患者的存活率越来越高,但放化疗治疗会导致女性卵巢功能早衰,出现过早绝经甚至丧失生育能力。卵巢组织冷冻保存是保存女性生育力的一种方式,甚至是有些患者唯一的生育力保存的选择。目前在世界范围已有17例婴儿是来自冷冻/解冻-移植后的卵巢组织,这给我们带来了希望,同时也带来了挑战,因为这项技术还存在一定的局限性。目前使用的冷冻方法可以保存卵巢内大量的始基卵泡,但是在移植的初期,因组织缺血缺氧会导致大量的卵泡丢失,影响了移植物的存活,缩减了卵巢组织在体内发挥功能的时间。卵巢组织移植存活程度的影响因素很多,包括移植前个体因素和基础疾病及治疗对卵巢的损伤,冷冻的损伤和移植组织块的大小,移植后血管再生情况等。这篇文章将对卵巢组织冷冻作为女性生育力保存方式的研究进展做一综述。
The development of medical technology makes cancer patients more and more survival, but radiotherapy and chemotherapy can lead to premature ovarian failure in women, premature menopause or even loss of fertility. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is a way to preserve female fertility and is even the only option for the preservation of fertility in some patients. So far, 17 infants worldwide have come from frozen / thawed - transplanted ovarian tissue, which gives us hope and challenges as it has some limitations. Currently used in the freezing method can save a large number of primordial follicles in the ovary, but in the early stages of transplantation, due to tissue ischemia and hypoxia will lead to a large number of follicles lost, affecting the survival of the graft, reducing ovarian tissue function in the body time. Survival of ovarian tissue survival factors affect many factors, including pre-transplant individual and basic diseases and treatment of ovarian damage, frozen injury and the size of the transplant block, the situation after the transplantation of blood vessels and so on. This article reviews the progress of ovarian tissue freezing as a way to preserve female fertility.