著名教育家叶圣陶先生说:“教材只是一个例子。”既然只是一个例子,那么,教师就必须跳出教教材的桎梏,真正用教材教。教师应该如何用教材教?如何解读与处理教材?张光鉴的《相似论》指出:“不论是自然界还是人类的思维,其由简单到复杂,由低级到高级的运动都是在相似的同与变异中进行的。”语文教学活动也是一种高级思维活动,师生的思维自然绕不开“相同与变异”这对概念。相似和相异就是教材文本应然的两个生长方向,教 Mr. Ye Shengtao, a famous educator, said: “The textbook is only an example.” Since it is just an example, teachers must jump out of teaching materials and really use the teaching materials. How should teachers use teaching materials? How to interpret and deal with teaching materials? Zhang Guangjian’s “Similarism” states: “Whether it is nature or human thinking, its simple to complex, from low to advanced sports are similar in the same Variation ”.“ Chinese teaching activities are also an advanced thinking activity, and teachers and students naturally can not bypass the concepts of ”sameness and variation". Similarity and dissimilarity are the two growth directions of textbooks, teaching