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近年来,消费者和社会普遍质疑国内成品油价格是“涨快跌慢”、“涨多跌少”。油价不断上涨,其根本原因是国际原油价格的持续上涨和国内石油需求的大幅增长。通过对比国内外不含税成品油价格可见,截至2011年10月9日,原油移动变化率合计上涨105.39%,Brent油价上涨61.60%,而国内90号汽油价格仅上涨38.99%,同时下调油价速度远远快于上调速度。在当前政策条件下,炼油企业没有成品油定价权,既要面对原油价格高涨、原油成本占生产成本95%左右的现实,又要服从国家以民生利益为重的指导思想,成品油价格只能少涨或不涨。经粗略计算,原油价格92.5美元/bbl是目前炼油企业的赢亏平衡点,按2012年1月30日Brent油价110.75美元/bbl和当日汇率计算,炼油企业每加工1t原油就亏损约844元人民币。当前的成品油定价机制有必要进一步改进,建议应把22个工作日缩短为10个或5个,油价波动幅度缩小为2%~3%;适当修正同等涨跌幅度下上涨和下跌之间存在的额度差异;适当选择并合理调整参照原油的品种和权重;同时也可以考虑将成品油消费税由价内税改为价外税。
In recent years, consumers and society have generally questioned the domestic refined oil prices are “up or down slowly,” “up more or less.” Rising oil prices, the fundamental reason is the continuous rise in international crude oil prices and the substantial increase in domestic demand for oil. By comparing the domestic and foreign tax-free prices of refined products can be seen, as of October 9, 2011, the rate of change of crude oil movements 105.39%, Brent oil prices up 61.60%, while the domestic 90 gasoline prices rose only 38.99%, while reducing oil prices Far faster than the speed up. Under the current policy conditions, refineries do not have the pricing power of refined oil products. Instead of facing the fact that crude oil prices are soaring, the cost of crude oil accounts for about 95% of the cost of production, and the guiding ideology of taking the interests of the people’s livelihood as their priorities, the refined oil prices Able to rise or not up. After a rough calculation, the crude oil price of 92.5 US dollars / bbl is the current oil refining company’s loss balance, according to January 30, 2012 Brent oil price of $ 110.75 / bbl and the exchange rate on the date of refinery processing 1t of crude oil on the loss of about 844 yuan . The current refined oil pricing mechanism needs to be further improved. It is suggested that 22 working days should be shortened to 10 or 5, and oil price fluctuation should be reduced to 2% -3%. Appropriate amendments should be made between the rise and fall of the same ups and downs Of the amount of difference; appropriate choice and reasonable adjustment of the reference crude oil varieties and weights; also consider the refined oil consumption tax from the price of internal taxes to foreign tariffs.