目的研究农村人口中致病菌菌谱及其对常用抗生素的耐药性现状。方法收集郴州市辖区内 12所主要服务于农村人口的医疗机构 ,1999年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 7月期间分离、鉴定的 42 2 6株细菌并作抗生素敏感试验。结果革兰阳性菌 14 2 8株 ,占 33 .8% ,其中球菌 12 76株 ,杆菌 15 2株 ;革兰阴性菌共 2 798株 ,占6 6 .2 % ,其中杆菌 2 441株 ,球菌 35 7株 ;最常见菌种为大肠埃希菌 ,占 2 4.6 % ,其次为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、链球菌属细菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、淋球菌、志贺菌、变形杆菌等。大部分细菌对青霉素、氨苄青霉素、羧苄青霉素、红霉素、妥布霉素等耐药 ,对头孢唑啉、头孢拉丁、环丙沙星等耐药率达 5 0 %以上 ;淋球菌对青霉素、复方新诺明、四环素等高度耐药。结论农村人群中致病菌谱及其耐药性有其特点 ,对其进行耐药性监测 ,可提高抗生素的合理使用率  Aim  To study the spectrum of pathogenic bacteria in rural population and its status of resistance to commonly used antibiotics.  Methods  Collect 42 2 6 bacteria isolated and identified from January, 1999 to July, 2000 in the medical institutions serving the rural population in Chenzhou City and conduct antibiotic susceptibility tests. Results (1) 14 2 8 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 33.8%, of which 12 76 strains were cocci and 15 2 strains were Bacillus; 2798 strains were Gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 66.2%, of which 2 441 strains were Bacillus , 35 strains of cocci; the most common species of Escherichia coli, accounting for 2 4.6%, followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Shigella, Proteus and so on. Most of the bacteria were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, erythromycin and tobramycin. The rates of resistance to cefazolin, cefradine and ciprofloxacin were over 50%. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Penicillin, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline and other highly resistant.  Conclusions 致 The pathogenic bacteria spectrum and drug resistance in rural population have their own characteristics. To monitor their drug resistance can improve the rational use of antibiotics