当你尚未完全准备好处理所面对的一个新的情境、新的课题,并立即采取反应时,你便遇到了“问题”,在我们需要超越现有的知识结构,而进行新的心智活动时,尤其构成了一连串的问题。人们的学习和创造都可以看作是一个问题解决的过程,而不同的问题的解决经历有很大差异。容易的问题往往很快找到解决办法,困难的问题解决,需要经历一个曲折复杂的创造过程。区别于一般的学习,从智力结构的观点看,创造性的想法是由“生产性”的思考所产生的。根据人们遇到新问题时求解的趋向,可以把问题解决分成两种主要方式:尝试错误式和顿悟式。尝试错误式解决问题,是由进行无定向的尝试,重 When you are not yet fully prepared to deal with a new situation, a new topic, and respond immediately, you encounter a “problem,” and we need to move beyond the existing knowledge structure and conduct new mental activities. At that time, it constituted a series of problems in particular. People’s learning and creativity can all be seen as a problem-solving process, and different problems have very different experiences in solving problems. Easy problems often find solutions quickly. Solving difficult problems requires experiencing a tortuous and complex creative process. Different from ordinary learning, from the perspective of intellectual structure, creative ideas are generated by “productive” thinking. According to the trend of solving problems when people encounter new problems, problem solving can be divided into two main ways: trying wrong ways and epiphanies. Trying to solve the problem in a wrong way is done by making a