文学是主观激情的产物,小说也不例外。一篇小说,作家创作时无论怎样冷静、客观地再现生活,都浸润了作家的主观情绪。即如最近出现的口述实录文学《北京人》也是如此,作者在选择录音对象、根据录音进行舍弃或补充时,都离不开主观活动。这是就广义的主观而言的。本文要谈的这个题目,是想从狭义的角度,亦即把主观意识的表现当作与客观纪实相对的一种艺术技法和境界,在此基础上看新时期小说创作主观意识渗透的特点。小说创作中,主观的投影有多种多样的形式,比较简单习见的,比如中国传统小说中对人物肖像的刻划:“浓眉大眼”、“方面大耳”、“獐头鼠目”、“尖嘴猴腮”等等,这是以语言的修辞手段体现作者的主观倾向。又如,在作品中直接抒情、议论,也是主观表现的常用手法。这样较低层次上的主观色彩不说自明。综观新时期小说创作的实际,主观色彩的呈现,土要有这样两种:一是作家对客观事物的感觉和感受,往往表 Literature is the product of subjective passion, novels are no exception. Novels, writers no matter how calm, objectively reproduce life, are infiltrating the writer’s subjective emotions. That is to say, as the recent oral metropolitan literary “Beijingers,” the author can not do without the subjective activities of choosing objects to be discarded or supplemented according to the recordings. This is a broad subjective term. The topic to be discussed in this article is to consider the subjective consciousness’s performance as a kind of artistic technique and realm relative to the objective documentary on the basis of the characteristics of the infiltration of subjective consciousness in the novel creation in the new era. In the novel creation, the subjective projection has many kinds of forms, comparatively simple and commonplace, such as the portrayal of portraits in traditional Chinese novels: “Nongmei big eyes”, “big ears”, " And so on, this is the rhetorical means of language reflects the author’s subjective tendencies. Another example, direct lyric in the works, argument, but also the subjective expression of common practice. Subjective colors on this lower level are not self-evident. Looking at the actual situation of the novel creation in the new era, the subjective color is presented, there are two kinds of soil: First, the writer’s feelings and feelings about the objective things, often