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预期寿命是度量人口健康状况的最重要指标,也是衡量一个国家或地区经济社会发展和医疗卫生服务水平的综合指标,并受生物学因素、环境因素、生活方式以及医疗卫生服务等因素的影响。新中国成立以来,我国人口预期寿命不断提高,由建国初期的35岁,上升至1982年的68岁,2010年的74.8岁,上海、天津、北京等经济发达地区预期寿命已超过80岁,但还有一些经济欠发达省份预期寿命尚未达到70岁。2011年,《国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要》提出
Life expectancy is the most important indicator of the health status of a population. It is also a measure of the overall economic and social development and health services in a country or region. It is also influenced by biological factors, environmental factors, lifestyles, and health care services. Since the founding of New China, the life expectancy of our population has been continuously rising from the age of 35 in the early days of the founding of New China to 68 years in 1982 and 74.8 years in 2010. The life expectancy in economically developed areas such as Shanghai, Tianjin and Beijing has exceeded 80 years of age. However, In some other economically underdeveloped provinces, the life expectancy has not yet reached 70 years of age. In 2011, “the 12th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development” was put forward