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目的了解职业性低剂量外照射对射线工作者的细胞遗传学的影响。方法采用微量全血培养法进行常规染色体畸变分析;职业外照射剂量,采用TLD剂量计测得。结果(1)放射组的畸变细胞率为0.464%,比对照组的0.149%,差异明显(P<0.01)。(2)放射组各类型的染色体畸变率与性别没有关系(P>0.05);(3)放射组不同工龄组之间双+环畸变率、无着丝粒畸变率、畸变细胞率均无显著性差异,但单体型畸变在工龄为10~29年工龄组最高,经统计学检验有显著性差异(P<0.05);(4)染色体畸变率随着累积剂量的增加而升高。高剂量组无着丝粒畸变率0.448%、畸变细胞率为0.586%、单体型畸变率为1.241%,均有显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论长期受职业性小剂量外照射可引起染色体畸变率增高。因此,必须做好放射卫生防护工作。
Objective To understand the influence of occupational low-dose external radiation on the cytogenetics of radiographers. Methods The method of micro-whole blood culture was used for routine chromosome aberration analysis. The occupational exposure dose was measured by TLD dosimeter. Results (1) The rate of aberrant cells in radiation group was 0.464%, which was significantly different from that in control group (0.149%) (P <0.01). (2) There was no relationship between genotypes and chromosomal aberration rate in radiotherapy group (P> 0.05). (3) There was no significant difference between the two groups in radiotherapy group However, the aberration of haplotype was the highest in the service-age group of 10 to 29 years of service and statistically significant (P <0.05). (4) The rate of chromosome aberration increased with the increase of the cumulative dose. High-dose group, the centromere aberration rate of 0.448%, the rate of aberrant cells was 0.586%, the haplotype aberration rate was 1.241%, there was a significant difference (P <0.001). Conclusion Long-term occupational low-dose external irradiation can cause an increase in chromosome aberration rate. Therefore, we must do a good job in radiation protection.