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目的了解大学校园内甲型流感疫情暴发的原因、特点和处理方法,总结应对策略。方法病例资料来源于某医学院现场流行病学调查结果,按《江西省突发公共卫生事件应急办法》处理疫情,即停课、取消一切集体活动;疑似流感病例隔离治疗后进行现场调查和统计分析;对流感样病例鼻咽拭子标本,进行病毒分离与鉴定;对密切接触人群隔离检疫3d;其他学生进行早晚发热筛查;由后勤科对公共场所进行消毒。所有数据用SPSS12.0软件处理。结果全校累计病例286例,总体罹患率为3.96%。整个疫情流行持续13d,经处理后发病人数迅速下降,男、女生发病率差异无统计学意义,后勤人员和学生发病差异无统计学意义。患者鼻咽拭子标本分离出H3N2型甲型流感病毒。结论此次流感暴发流行由甲型流感病毒H3N2型引起。暴发原因为在人口稠密的大学校园,无全面的针对性强的流行病暴发高峰季节的预防措施和针对校园突发公共卫生事件应急响应机制。
Objective To understand the causes, characteristics and treatment of influenza A outbreaks on university campuses and to summarize the coping strategies. Methods The case data were collected from the field epidemiological survey results of a medical school. All cases were suspended from class and all the group activities were canceled according to the “Emergency Measures for Public Health Emergencies in Jiangxi Province”. Field investigation and statistical analysis were conducted after isolation of suspected influenza cases ; Influenza-like cases of nasopharyngeal swab specimens, virus isolation and identification; isolation and quarantine of close contact with the crowd 3d; other students heat screening sooner or later; by the Logistics Division disinfection of public places. All data is processed using SPSS12.0 software. Results The whole school accumulated 286 cases, the overall attack rate was 3.96%. The entire outbreak continued for 13 days. After treatment, the number of the patients dropped rapidly. There was no significant difference in the incidence of males and females. There was no significant difference in the incidence between the logisticians and the students. Patients with nasopharyngeal swab specimens isolated H3N2 influenza A virus. Conclusion The influenza outbreak is caused by influenza A virus H3N2. The reason for the outbreak was that there was no comprehensive and targeted precautionary measures in the peak season for outbreaks of epidemics and emergency response mechanisms to emergencies on campus in densely populated university campuses.