论文部分内容阅读
目前,我国农业在全球7％的耕地上养活了世界上22％的人口。我国的播种面积只有美国的70％,但必须供养比美国多3-4倍的人口,那么,我国农业是靠什么力量提高粮食产量以供养不断增长的人口呢?美国哈佛大学的珀金斯对此进行了研究,他发现从1400年到20世纪中叶,我国人口数量增长了7-9倍,人均粮食消费量在长时期或者保持不变,或者只是略有增加,而同期我国耕地总数只增长了4倍,粮食总产量增产的主要途径是靠扩大耕地面积和提高粮食单产,其贡献各占50％左右。自本世纪中叶以后,我国粮食总产量增产途径基本上只是依靠提高单产,并且还要补偿因耕地面积或播种面积下降所造成的负贡献近20％,提高单产所做的贡献高达119％。
At present, China’s agriculture supports 22% of the world’s population on 7% of the world’s arable land. The sown area in China is only 70% of that in the United States, but it must support 3-4 times more people than in the United States. Then, what strength does China’s agriculture rely on to increase grain production to feed the growing population? Perkins, Harvard University, USA In this study, he discovered that from 1400 to the middle of the 20th century, China’s population grew 7-9 times, per capita food consumption remained unchanged or only slightly increased, while the total amount of arable land in China only increased during the same period. Four times, the main way to increase the total grain output is to expand the area of cultivated land and increase the grain yield, and their contribution each account for about 50%. Since the middle of this century, China’s total grain output increase has been basically based on increasing yields, and it has also compensated nearly 20% of the negative contribution caused by the decline in cultivated area or planted area, and increased the yield contribution by as much as 119%.