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(一) 美国的档案学理论发展,与美国国家档案馆的建立与发展是密不可分的。它大体经历了三个发展阶段。第一阶段,自国家档案馆的建立(1934年)到1954年。在这一时期,档案工作通过不断地总结实际工作经验,使某些档案管理的基本原则理论化。档案学从历史学中脱胎而出,逐渐发展成独立的专门学科。第二阶段,为1954年到1965年。在这一时期,国家档案馆对早期产生的理论进行了全面的研究与综合,使其得以系统化,并开始了档案学向多学科交叉的方向发展。
(1) The development of archival theory in the United States is inextricably linked with the establishment and development of the U.S. National Archives. It has generally gone through three stages of development. The first phase, from the establishment of the National Archives (1934) to 1954. During this period, the archives work made theoretical proofs of some of the basic principles of archives management by constantly summing up practical work experience. Archival science emerges from the history and gradually develops into an independent specialized discipline. The second phase, from 1954 to 1965. During this period, the National Archives conducted a comprehensive study and synthesis of the theories produced earlier, systematized it, and started the direction of archival science toward interdisciplinary studies.