论文部分内容阅读
1 土耳其体育发展简史 土耳其帝国疆域辽阔,苏丹们一直对他们的军队非常重视。年青人往往被训练为合格的战士,随时准备为帝国而战斗。在那段时间里,带有军事性的体育活动项目是骑术、剑术、弓箭术和摔跤。而且这些项目是士兵主要的训练内容。 和其它所有的改革一样,军队也将西方的体育引进了国内。海军机械学校和军事学院最早开设了西方课程,聘用欧洲教师。由于这种观念的改变,十九世纪末所有的高等院校都引进了法国式体操。 二十世纪初,瑞典体操也对土耳其的体育产生了极大的影响。被认为是土耳其现代体育之父的塔肯(Selim Sirri Tarcan),不仅是唯一将体操带入土耳其的人,而且为普及到人民之中做了巨大的努力。当体育成为共和国早期公立学校必修课时,塔肯同他的瑞典同事约翰逊(Johnson)先生举办了几个短期训练班,培养土耳其所需要的体育教师。另一方面,校外竞技活动也开展起来了。当英法侵略军提高士兵的身体素质,以适应伊斯坦布尔而开展他们的竞技活动时,土耳其也组织了一些运动队来与这些军队的运动队进行比赛,尤其是足球。伊斯坦布尔最著名的俱乐部是福那巴齐和格莱塔什莱两个俱乐部,这两个俱乐部就是那时经官方批准而成立的。在共和国的重新组建中,竞技运动俱乐部成立了“土耳其竞技俱乐部联
A brief history of Turkish sports development The territory of the Turkish Empire vast territory, the Sudanese have always attached great importance to their army. Young people are often trained as qualified warriors and ready to fight for the empire. During that time, military-oriented sports activities included riding, fencing, archery and wrestling. And these items are the main training content for soldiers. Like all other reforms, the military has introduced Western sports into the country. Navy School of Mechanics and Military Academy first opened the Western curriculum, hiring European teachers. As a result of this change of mind, all French universities introduced French-style gymnastics at the end of the nineteenth century. In the early twentieth century, Swedish gymnastics also had a huge impact on Turkish sport. Selim Sirri Tarcan, considered to be the father of Turkish modern sports, is not only the only person who brings gymnastics to Turkey, but also makes tremendous efforts to popularize it among the people. When sport became compulsory for an early public school in the Republic, Tacon held several short-term training courses with his Swedish colleague, Mr. Johnson, to develop the physical education teachers in Turkey. On the other hand, off-campus athletics activities have also started. When the Anglo-French aggressive forces improved the physical quality of their soldiers in order to adapt themselves to their sporting events in Istanbul, Turkey also organized a number of sports teams to compete against these army sports teams, especially football. The best known clubs in Istanbul are the two clubs of Forna Bazi and Greciale, the clubs that were then officially approved. In the re-establishment of the Republic, Athletic Club set up a "Athletic Club of Turkey