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词类活用是汉语中尤其是文言文中一种常见的语言现象,即“某些词按照一定的语言习惯灵活运用。”①活用后的词不仅语法功能、词汇意义发生了明显变化,而且常常伴有显著的修辞意义。 一、形象性 形象性是文学语言的突出特征,是“艺术最主要的特点。”②因此,使抽象空泛的概念具体化、实感化;使静止平淡的事物动态化、鲜明化是修辞的重要功用。古人往往通过活用的词去调动读者的生活积淀,启发人们的联想,从而收到形象的效果。
The use of part of speech is a common linguistic phenomenon in Chinese, especially in classical Chinese, that “certain words are used flexibly in accordance with certain linguistic habits.” ① The word after use not only has grammatical functions but also significant changes in lexical meanings, Significant rhetorical significance. First, the image of the image of the prominent feature of the language of the literature is “the most important feature of art.” ② Therefore, the concept of abstract vain concrete, real sense; static stationary things dynamic and vivid rhetoric is important function. The ancients often use words to mobilize the lives of readers, inspire people’s associations, which received the image of the effect.