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目的：检测卵巢上皮性癌ｐ５３基因改变、蛋白过度表达，探讨其与临床病理和预后的关系。方法：应用ＡＢＣ免疫组化法检测５６例卵巢上皮性肿瘤ｐ５３蛋白表达，对其中４０例应用聚合酶链反应单链构象多态性（ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ）溴乙锭染色法检测ｐ５３基因５～８外显子突变及杂合性缺失（ＬＯＨ）。结果：（１）ｐ５３蛋白表达阳性率：良性肿瘤０／１０；交界性肿瘤１／４；卵巢上皮性癌２２／４２（５２．３８％），浆液性与粘液性癌表达相似，且３例原发灶与转移灶表达一致。（２）ｐ５３基因突变率：良性肿瘤０／１０；交界性肿瘤１／３；卵巢上皮性癌１３／２７（４８．１５％），其中８例杂合型基因的病例中４例基因突变伴等位基因杂合性缺失。本研究１３例ｐ５３基因突变者中１２例ｐ５３蛋白过度表达。ｐ５３蛋白过度表达与卵巢上皮性癌组织学类型、临床分期及预后无关（Ｐ＞０．０５）。而与卵巢上皮性癌病理有关（Ｐ＜０００５）。结论：ｐ５３基因改变及蛋白过度表达在卵巢癌中较常发生，且与卵巢上皮性癌病理分级有关，这些改变可能是卵巢上皮性癌的早发事件，亦在卵巢上皮性癌的发生发展过程中起重要作用。
Objective: To detect the p53 gene expression and protein overexpression in epithelial ovarian cancer, and to explore its relationship with clinical pathology and prognosis. METHODS: The expression of p53 protein was detected in 56 cases of epithelial ovarian tumors by ABC immunohistochemical method. 40 cases of p53 gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) ethidium bromide staining method. Exon mutations and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Results: (1) Positive rate of p53 protein expression: benign tumors 0/10; borderline tumors 1/4; ovarian epithelial cancer 22/42 (52.38%), serous and mucinous carcinomas expressed similarly, and 3 cases The primary tumor was consistent with the metastasis. (2) p53 mutation rate: 0/10 for benign tumors, 1/3 for borderline tumors, 13/27 for ovarian epithelial cancers (48.15%), and 4 gene mutations in 8 cases of heterozygous genes Loss of allele heterozygosity. In this study, 12 cases of p53 gene mutation in 12 cases of p53 protein overexpression. The overexpression of p53 protein was not associated with the histological type, clinical stage and prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (P>0.05). It was associated with the pathology of epithelial ovarian cancer (P<0005). Conclusion: The p53 gene mutation and protein overexpression are more common in ovarian cancer and are related to the pathological grade of epithelial ovarian cancer. These changes may be the early events of epithelial ovarian cancer, and also the occurrence and development of epithelial ovarian cancer. The middle plays an important role.