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肥大细胞是从人类的血液样本及结缔组织中分离出来。在哺乳动物中,肥大细胞可分为结缔组织型肥大细胞和黏膜型肥大细胞两个亚型。肥大细胞是重要的效应和调节性免疫细胞,是介导快速过敏和炎症的重要枢纽,能引起和扩大炎症。同时,肥大细胞还参与了许多疾病和炎症过程,特别是与一些变态反应性疾病如荨麻疹、银屑病和系统性红斑狼疮的发生关系密切。对肥大细胞激活机制的研究将为变态反应性疾病的诊断和治疗提供新的思路,现对肥大细胞的激活机制及其与变态反应性疾病的关系作如下综述。
Mast cells are isolated from human blood samples and connective tissue. In mammals, mast cells can be divided into two subtypes of connective tissue type mast cells and mucosal mast cells. Mast cells are important effector and regulatory immune cells and are important hubs for mediating rapid hypersensitivity and inflammation that can cause and expand inflammation. At the same time, mast cells are also involved in many diseases and inflammatory processes, especially with some allergic diseases such as urticaria, psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The study of the mechanism of mast cell activation will provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. The mechanism of mast cell activation and its relationship with allergic diseases are summarized as follows.