政府职能是根据社会需求,在国家和社会管理中承担的职责和功能。在市场失灵情况下,政府职能主要是弥补市场不足,其重要性正在日益突显。其中,市场失灵表现出来的外部效应使资源配置偏离帕累托最优状态,对社会福利产生一定影响。在这种情况下,政府应明确其职能,规范其行为,消除外部效应,增进社会福利。 Government functions are based on social needs, responsibilities and functions in national and social management. In the case of market failure, the government functions are mainly to make up for the lack of market, and its importance is increasingly prominent. Among them, the external effects manifested by the market failure make the allocation of resources deviate from the Pareto optimality and have an impact on social welfare. Under such circumstances, the government should clarify its functions, standardize its actions, eliminate its external effects and promote social welfare.