移动、变化的“墙”

来源 :世界知识画报·艺术视界 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:wild_lynx
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  Separating the space is one of the most important practical functions of the screen. With its great blocking effect, screen can be used as a moving“wall” which can be set in various places and cutting an entire room into different functional sectors. It is much better than an actual wall because it can be moved and changed. On the surface of the screen, skilled craftsmen derived wonderful screen paintings which contributed to the artistic value of screen besides the general value in furniture art and engraving art, and made the screen more interesting for the connoisseurs.


  盡管最初是为了加强天子的威仪而制,但很快,屏风就成了寻常人家也可以使用的家具。皇帝为何让这一象征皇权的标识流入民间,今天已不可考。可以想见,最早或许是与皇帝亲近的贵胄、权臣,掀起了这股向上学习的潮流,进而逐渐向下扩散开来。屏风虽然不再是皇家专属,却仍是有钱人家装饰生活、显示优越的展现方式之一。毕竟,就其实用性来讲,着实不值得穷人花费金钱、精力去苦苦追求。


  历史上最著名的屏风,当属五代十国南唐名臣韩熙载家的屏风。因为顾闳中名作《韩熙载夜宴图》,人们得以一窥当时的权贵生活,以及权贵家中的家私摆设。其中,屏风就是一个极为重要的元素。它不仅显示了韩熙载家中屏风的精美考究,也显示了屏风作为阻断家具的实用价值。
  作为一幅杰出的叙事性绘画,整幅长卷分为五个部分,为了加以区隔,就需要一些“道具”作为每一小节的提示。屏风便充当了这一重要角色。


  分隔空间,一直是屏风重要的实际功用之一。在现实房屋中,也经常需要利用屏风的遮挡效果,造出一堵可以移动的“墙”,将整体的空间切割成不同功能的分区。
  而屏风比真正的墙更好的地方,不仅在于它可以移动,更在于它可以变化。偌大的立屏,上面的平面空间当然不能闲置,屏风画便是在屏风上衍生出来的艺术。这使得屏风在基本的家具艺术、雕刻艺术之外,又多了绘画艺术上的考量,更增添了其价值与趣味。


  根据居室风格的不同,选择不同材质、绘画的屏风,相当于为整个住所锦上添花。屏风的气质与主人的生活融为一体、相得益彰。此时的屏风,就像一个无言的守卫,不仅守护着主人的安全感,更代表着主人的生活品位与艺术造诣。
  从古代流传下来的许多绘画作品中,都可以看到不同材质、图案的屏风。在《宋人十八学士图》中,有两轴都是发生在屏风之内的故事。可以看出图中环境处于室外,但学士们依然需要背靠一座典雅的屏风。其中一幅中为座屏,另一幅中为围屏,但无论哪种,其功用都是一样的:挡风、装饰以及形成小空间、遮挡外人的视线。显然,在户外时,屏风的实用性大大提升。毕竟,谁也不愿意与朋友的小聚供路人观赏、谈论。


  从很多作品中,都可以看到屏风上精致、考究的画作,而当画家以屏风入画时,因为屏风自身所绘的图画,便形成了一种“画中画”的观赏效果,这又大大增添了创作和欣赏的趣味性。在仇英的《人物故事图之竹院品古》中,背景环境中竹石与屏风中所绘的花鸟仿佛融为一体,令人一时间难辨现实与虚幻。
  绘画是历史的再现,从这些艺术作品中,后世不仅可以看到作品本身的艺术之美,还可以看到其中所画的若干艺术文物品类的样貌,回到当时的情境,体会其中的意趣。屏风,是古人画作中的一个重要元素,也是古人生活中不可或缺的一样物件。

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