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中药鉴定是一门应用科学,它涉及的知识广泛。由于中药品种繁多和错综复杂,以假乱真、以劣充优的现象时有发生,为保证用药的安全与有效,对其进行科学的鉴定亟为必要。中药鉴定主要解决一个鉴定的问题,而鉴定方法则是解决问题的关键。其主要鉴定方法有四种:即基源鉴定法、性状鉴定法、显微鉴定法和理化鉴定法,统称为四大鉴定法。如何将它们有机地联系起来,运用自如,这是摆在中药鉴定工作者面前的首要任务。为此,根据本人的体会概略谈一下中药鉴定的逻辑思维方法。一、明确目的,分析情况,选择适应的鉴定方法:中药鉴定的对象十分复杂,有未知的,有已知的;有中药材,有中成药;有完整的,有粉末状的,还有液体的;有植物药、动物药和矿物药,还有加工品;其次药用部位亦有显著差异。所以应首先明确鉴定目的,是真伪鉴别还是质量检查等,然后根据检品的具体情况进行具体分析,确定具体的鉴定方法。例如:对一未知药材进行真伪鉴别,采用的方法就不同于已知物的鉴定。
Identification of Chinese medicine is an applied science and it involves a wide range of knowledge. Due to the variety and complexity of traditional Chinese medicines, phenomena of confusion and inferiority are frequent. To ensure the safety and effectiveness of medications, it is necessary to conduct scientific assessments. Identification of traditional Chinese medicines mainly solves an identified problem, and the identification method is the key to solving the problem. There are four main identification methods: the basic source identification method, the trait identification method, the microscopic identification method, and the physicochemical identification method, collectively referred to as the four major identification methods. How to link them organically and to use them freely is the most important task for Chinese medicine appraisal workers. For this reason, according to my experience, I talked about the logical thinking method of traditional Chinese medicine appraisal. First, a clear purpose, analysis of the situation, choose the identification method of adaptation: the object of identification of traditional Chinese medicine is very complex, there is unknown, there is known; there are Chinese herbal medicines, there are proprietary Chinese medicines; there are complete, powdery, and liquid There are plant medicines, animal medicines and mineral medicines, as well as processed products; there are also significant differences in the medicinal sites. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly identify the purpose of the identification, whether it is authenticity or quality inspection, etc., and then conduct a specific analysis based on the specific conditions of the test product to determine the specific identification method. For example, the authenticity of an unknown drug is different from the identification of known substances.