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本文讨论三个相互关联的问题:(1)在什么条件下必然出现政府对物价的管制;(2)十年改革后为什么要强化价格管制;(3)怎样才能摆脱价格管制,深化价格改革。一、实行价格管制的充分条件本文所说的价格管制包括两项内容:一是对所管制的产品实行国家统一定价;二是政府对所管制的产品实行最高限价。那么,一种产品具备什么样的条件就会不可避免地成为价格管制的对象呢?笔者认为,只要这种产品同时具备以下三个条件,其价格就必然会由政府实行管制。这三个条件是:1、价格上升时需求弹性小;2、资源约束紧;3、资源效率低。下面分别解释这三个条件对价格的制约。
This article discusses three interrelated issues: (1) Under what conditions is government bound to control prices; (2) Why price controls should be strengthened after ten years of reform; (3) How can we get rid of price controls and deepen price reform? First, the full implementation of price control conditions Price control mentioned in this article includes two elements: First, the implementation of state-controlled pricing of products; second, the government imposed a ceiling price of the controlled products. So, what kind of conditions a product will inevitably become the object of price control? I believe that as long as this product also has the following three conditions, the price will inevitably be controlled by the government. These three conditions are: 1, the price elasticity of demand is small; 2, resource constraints; 3, low resource efficiency. The following three conditions explain the price constraints.