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在考场上拿到一篇新的材料，不要先着急看文章，也不要仓促做题。首先读问题，弄清考查要点，带着问题看文章；其次快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段，再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了；然后细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键；最后重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。
一、 把握阅读材料的主旨
常见命题方式:
大意类：The text is mainly about__________ .
The topic/subject discussed in the passage is .
From the passage，we can conclude that __________.
The main purpose of this article is __________.
标题类：What’s the best title/headline of the passage？
作者意图类：What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the passage？
阅读理解文章的主要逻辑结构有：按时间先后顺序说明某一事件、某一理论的发展过程，属于这种结构的文章主题通常在首段或末段；首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点，属于这种结构的文章主题在首段；前面几段分别说明，末段总结属于这种结构的文章主题在末段。
相应的可以按照以上规律寻找主题句，确定文章中心思想：
1. 在文首。文章开门见山，提出主题，随后摆事实、讲道理来解释、支撑和发展主题句所表达的主题思想。
2. 在文中。通常前面只提出问题，随之陈述细节引出主题，而后做进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
3. 在文尾。在表述细节后，归纳要点，得出结论，以概括主题。
二、 把握阅读材料的细节
解读细节时应特别注意以下几点：
1. 抓住四个“W”和一个“H”，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What (事件)，When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。这样就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。
2. 抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。
三、 实战演练
What might the future be like? Here are some predictions: things to come, things to go.
The Spring Festival, the most important Chinese holiday when everyone returns home, has caused headaches for millions of Chinese. More than 2 billion people travel at the same time, making getting travel tickets and the journey difficult. But in 28 years, Spring Festival travel may not be a problem at all. China plans to build more than 120,000 kilometers of railway and a fast transportation network that will serve 90% of the population by 2020. And because most of China will be cities, people will not have to go to other places to find a job, so it will no longer be a problem.
Newspaper will come to an end in 2043. In the future, digital(数字的) newspapers will be sent to personal web tools through Internet. Readers can discuss topics with journalists and editors. Information will move faster.
Oil is running out faster than expected. But scientists have found something else for oil as fuel(燃料). Coal, natural gas, solar power, nuclear power and even water can take the place of oil as sources of energy(能源).
Schools will go electronic(电子化). Computers will be important and popular among the students. Everything will be in the computer and students will not need to bring books to school. They will find information on the Internet. A computer will be the students’ library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers, they will check homework on computers and communicate with the students’ parents through e-mail. And school buses will be like spaceships, comfortable and safe.
1. More than 2 billion people have a hard time returning home during__________ .
A. Christmas Day
B. National Day
C. the Spring Festival
D. the Mid-autumn Festival
2. The newspapers will disappear__________ .
A. in 28 yearsB. by 2020
C. by 2053D. in 33 years
3.__________ is not mentioned in the passage as sources of energy.
A. CoalB. Wind
C. Nuclear powerD. Water
4. From the passage we can know__________ in the future.
A. the Spring Festival travel may still be a problem
B. 90% of the population will live in the city
C. robot teachers will check homework
D. readers can discuss topics with each other through Internet
5. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?__________.
A. Schools will go electronic
B. Computers will be important
C. There will be robot teachers
D. School buses will be like spaceships
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了对未来生活的大猜想。
答案解析
1. C。细节理解题。 文章第一段说的是春运繁忙，特别由第二句More than 2 billion people travel at the same time,可知我们国家春节期间约有超过20亿人同时要赶回家，所以选择答案C。
2. D。细节理解题。 第二部分的开始句Newspaper will come to an end in 2043.报纸在2043年消失，也就是33年后,所以选择答案D。
3. B。细节理解题。 第三部分末尾Coal, natural gas, solar power, nuclear power and even water can take the place of oil as sources of energy(能源). 其中说到了Coal煤炭, nuclear power核能，water水能,没有提到wind风能，所以选择答案B。
4. C。细节理解题。文章末尾倒数第二句There will be robot teachers, they will check homework on computers机器人将会在电脑上给我们批改作业，所以选择答案C。
5. A。主旨理解题。通读最后一段可知电脑将走进课堂、机器人将会批改作业、学生不再带着书包，总结这些也就是本段的开头句：学校教育的电子化。所以选择答案A。
（作者：顾丽萍，苏州市实验中学）
一、 把握阅读材料的主旨
常见命题方式:
大意类：The text is mainly about__________ .
The topic/subject discussed in the passage is .
From the passage，we can conclude that __________.
The main purpose of this article is __________.
标题类：What’s the best title/headline of the passage？
作者意图类：What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the passage？
阅读理解文章的主要逻辑结构有：按时间先后顺序说明某一事件、某一理论的发展过程，属于这种结构的文章主题通常在首段或末段；首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点，属于这种结构的文章主题在首段；前面几段分别说明，末段总结属于这种结构的文章主题在末段。
相应的可以按照以上规律寻找主题句，确定文章中心思想：
1. 在文首。文章开门见山，提出主题，随后摆事实、讲道理来解释、支撑和发展主题句所表达的主题思想。
2. 在文中。通常前面只提出问题，随之陈述细节引出主题，而后做进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
3. 在文尾。在表述细节后，归纳要点，得出结论，以概括主题。
二、 把握阅读材料的细节
解读细节时应特别注意以下几点：
1. 抓住四个“W”和一个“H”，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What (事件)，When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。这样就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。
2. 抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。
三、 实战演练
What might the future be like? Here are some predictions: things to come, things to go.
The Spring Festival, the most important Chinese holiday when everyone returns home, has caused headaches for millions of Chinese. More than 2 billion people travel at the same time, making getting travel tickets and the journey difficult. But in 28 years, Spring Festival travel may not be a problem at all. China plans to build more than 120,000 kilometers of railway and a fast transportation network that will serve 90% of the population by 2020. And because most of China will be cities, people will not have to go to other places to find a job, so it will no longer be a problem.
Newspaper will come to an end in 2043. In the future, digital(数字的) newspapers will be sent to personal web tools through Internet. Readers can discuss topics with journalists and editors. Information will move faster.
Oil is running out faster than expected. But scientists have found something else for oil as fuel(燃料). Coal, natural gas, solar power, nuclear power and even water can take the place of oil as sources of energy(能源).
Schools will go electronic(电子化). Computers will be important and popular among the students. Everything will be in the computer and students will not need to bring books to school. They will find information on the Internet. A computer will be the students’ library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers, they will check homework on computers and communicate with the students’ parents through e-mail. And school buses will be like spaceships, comfortable and safe.
1. More than 2 billion people have a hard time returning home during__________ .
A. Christmas Day
B. National Day
C. the Spring Festival
D. the Mid-autumn Festival
2. The newspapers will disappear__________ .
A. in 28 yearsB. by 2020
C. by 2053D. in 33 years
3.__________ is not mentioned in the passage as sources of energy.
A. CoalB. Wind
C. Nuclear powerD. Water
4. From the passage we can know__________ in the future.
A. the Spring Festival travel may still be a problem
B. 90% of the population will live in the city
C. robot teachers will check homework
D. readers can discuss topics with each other through Internet
5. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?__________.
A. Schools will go electronic
B. Computers will be important
C. There will be robot teachers
D. School buses will be like spaceships
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了对未来生活的大猜想。
答案解析
1. C。细节理解题。 文章第一段说的是春运繁忙，特别由第二句More than 2 billion people travel at the same time,可知我们国家春节期间约有超过20亿人同时要赶回家，所以选择答案C。
2. D。细节理解题。 第二部分的开始句Newspaper will come to an end in 2043.报纸在2043年消失，也就是33年后,所以选择答案D。
3. B。细节理解题。 第三部分末尾Coal, natural gas, solar power, nuclear power and even water can take the place of oil as sources of energy(能源). 其中说到了Coal煤炭, nuclear power核能，water水能,没有提到wind风能，所以选择答案B。
4. C。细节理解题。文章末尾倒数第二句There will be robot teachers, they will check homework on computers机器人将会在电脑上给我们批改作业，所以选择答案C。
5. A。主旨理解题。通读最后一段可知电脑将走进课堂、机器人将会批改作业、学生不再带着书包，总结这些也就是本段的开头句：学校教育的电子化。所以选择答案A。
（作者：顾丽萍，苏州市实验中学）