料斗是散货装、卸过程中不可缺少的重要装置。在散货的装卸过程中,由起重机抓斗抓取或单斗机铲取的物料常常经由料斗转送到其它输送机上(图1),从而完成其运输过程。装卸机械的发展已使散货装卸达到了很高 Hopper is bulk loading, unloading an indispensable important device. During the loading and unloading of bulk goods, the materials picked up by the grab of the crane or scooped by the crane are often transferred to other conveyors via the hopper (Figure 1) to complete the transportation process. The development of handling machinery has enabled the handling of bulk cargoes to reach a high level