目的了解西安市享受“义务教育学生营养改善计划”(以下简称“计划”)学生的营养状况,为学生营养改善工作提供科学依据。方法随机抽取西安市5个区县,每个区县抽取10%~20%的小学生和初中生,共15 397名享受“计划”的学生纳入研究。按照统一方法测量学生的身高和体重。结果男生营养不良率为8.5%(生长迟缓率为1.4%,消瘦率为7.2%),超重率为14.2%,肥胖率为8.7%。女生营养不良率为6.6%(生长迟缓率为1.3%,消瘦率为5.3%),超重率为10.2%,肥胖率为6.1%。男生营养不良率高于女生(χ~2=20.0,P<0.05),人数在500~1 000人之间的学校学生营养不良率较高(9.9%)(χ~2=42.3,P<0.05),食堂供餐学生营养不良率较高(9.0%)(χ~2=26.4,P<0.05)。超重肥胖检出率在不同性别、学段、学校规模、地区及供餐模式间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论西安市享受“计划”的学生营养不良与超重肥胖同时存在。应重点关注食堂供餐及人数在500~1 000人学校的学生营养不良状况及城区学生的超重肥胖状况。 Objective To understand the nutrition status of students in Xi’an City who enjoy “Nutritional Improvement Program for Compulsory Education Students” (hereinafter referred to as the “Program”), and provide a scientific basis for students’ nutrition improvement. Methods Five districts and counties in Xi’an were randomly selected, and 10% ~ 20% of primary and junior high school students were drawn from each district and a total of 15,397 students enjoying “Plan” were included in the study. Measure the student’s height and weight according to a uniform method. Results Male malnutrition rate was 8.5% (growth retardation rate of 1.4%, weight loss rate was 7.2%), overweight rate was 14.2%, obesity rate was 8.7%. The rate of malnutrition among girls was 6.6% (retardation rate 1.3%, wasting rate 5.3%), overweight rate 10.2% and obesity rate 6.1%. The rate of malnutrition among boys was higher than that of girls (χ ~ 2 = 20.0, P <0.05), and malnutrition rates were higher among school students (500 ~ 1000) (χ ~ 2 = 42.3, P <0.05 ), Malnutrition rate was higher in dining hall students (9.0%) (χ ~ 2 = 26.4, P <0.05). The detection rate of overweight and obesity was significantly different among different sexes, school sections, school scale, district and mode of feeding (P <0.05). Conclusion Xi’an students enjoying “plan ” malnutrition and overweight and obesity exist at the same time. Should pay close attention to the canteen food and the number of students in the 500-1000 school malnutrition and urban students overweight and obesity.