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一、重点单词
1. potential
【考纲释义】 n.潜力;可能性 adj. 可能的;潜在的
【备考实例】 Forestry may be the branch of agriculture with the greatest ________for increases in productivity.
A. arrangement B. ability
C. potential D. investment
【考点解析】 句意“林业可能是农业中提高生产力潜力最大的一个分支。”答案为C。
【知识拓展】 potential investors潜在的投资者 potential energy 势能
2. adjust
【考纲释义】 vt. 校正;调整vi. 适应
【备考实例】 He tried to_____________his daily schedule to leave time for everything.
A. adapt B. adjust
C. adopt D. correct
【考点解析】 句意“他设法调整日常时间表,以便能有时间顾及所有的事。”adjust意为“调整”,adapt意为“适应;改编”,adopt“领养;采纳”。答案为B。
【知识拓展】 adapt,adjust辨析
表“适应”时,adapt指在原来的情况下作某些改变以适应新环境或不同的条件,强调改变的目的和重要性;adjust侧重过程,主要用于调整角度、高度等。
3. participate
【考纲释义】 vi. 参与;参加
【备考实例】 He spends holiday at the seashore, and goes to participate __________ surfing every day.
A. for B. in
C. to D. at
【考点解析】 句意“他在海滨度假,并天天去参加冲浪运动。”participate用作不及物动词,意为“参加;参与”,后接宾语要带介词in,participate in = take part in “参与;参加”。答案为B。
【知识拓展】 participate in参加;参与
4. conduct
【考纲释义】 vt. 主持,领导,引导;控制
【备考实例】 Most plastics do not readily ___________ heat or electricity.
A. take B. introduce
C. conduct D. search
【考点解析】 句意“大多数塑料不易导电导热。”conduct表示“引导,导电”。答案为C。
【知识拓展】 conduct an opera指挥乐曲conduct an experiment 做实验 conducts oneself well行为端正
5. accessible
【考纲释义】 adj. 容易取得的,容易获得的,容易达到的
【备考实例】 Medicine should not be kept where it is ___________ to children.
A. changeable B. accessible
C. reliable D. manageable
【考点解析】 句意“药品不应放在儿童容易拿到的地方。”答案为B。
【知识拓展】 access接近; 达到; 进入; 入口, 通路
have / gain / get access to得以接近;得以会见;得以进入be easy (hard) of access容易(难)接近
6. attempt
【考纲释义】 vt. & n. 尝试;企图
【备考实例】 While they were lost at sea, they attempted ________ in touch with people on shore but without luck.
A. getting B. to getting
C. to get D. for getting
【考点解析】 句意“当他们在海上迷失方向时,他们尝试与岸上的人取得联系但没有成功。”attempt to do sth意为“企图做某事;尝试做某事”。答案为C。
【知识拓展】 attempt to do sth.企图做某事;尝试做某事 make an attempt to do sth.尝试做某事in one’s attempt to do sth. 试图做某事an attempted murder 杀人未遂
7. reject
【考纲释义】 vt. 拒绝;抛弃
【备考实例】 We’ll have to __________ these. They’ve got little cracks in them.
A. refuse B. deng
C. decline D. reject
【考点解析】 句意“我们不得不拒绝买这几件产品,因为产品上有细裂纹。”答案为D。refuse指坚决地不友善地拒绝别人的期望;deny指否定;decline指礼貌地拒绝提议或邀请;reject多指由于某物某事某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝。
8. aware
【考纲释义】 adj. 意识到的;知道的;觉察到的
【备考实例】 He is quite ________ of the risk, but he has no choice but to go ahead.
A. eager B. aware
C. sensitive D. serious
【考点解析】 句意“他非常清楚风险,但他别无选择只有继续做下去。”be aware of sth意为“知道;意识到”。答案为B。
【知识拓展】 be aware of 知道;觉察到,意识到make sb. aware of… 使某人意识到…… be aware that…知道……
二、重点短语
1. get around行走;到处走动;(消息)传开,散布
Make it a useful trip, won’t you? Get around and make some friends. 作一次有成果的旅行,好吗?去走一走吧,结交一些朋友。
Word began to get around that Kunta had actually been seen smiling and even laughing in Bell’s kitchen. 有些流言开始不胫而走,有人看到昆塔在贝尔的厨房里居然笑了,甚至哈哈大笑。
【知识拓展】 get along 进展 get away from逃离;摆脱 get out离去;(消息等)泄露get over克服,解决(问题等) get through接通电话;完成;度过;通过
2. live a ...life 过……的生活
They live a lonely life in a lonely house in the hills. 他们在山中一栋孤零零的房子里过着寂寞的生活。
Let us work hard and study well and live a happy and healthy life.让我们努力工作,好好学习,过幸福健康的生活。
Don’t take things too seriously — Live a life of serenity, not a life of regrets. 不要事事都太计较——过平静的生活,不要活在悔恨之中。
【知识拓展】 lead a ... life过……的生活 live with忍受;接受live through度过;经历过
4. participate in参与;参加
Terry can’t participate in the match because he has hurt his foot. 特里不能参加比赛,因为他扭伤了脚。
I am too clumsy of speech to participate in the debate.我太笨嘴拙舌了,参加不了辩论会。
【知识拓展】 take part in 参加 join in 参加 run for参加……竞选 enter for 报名参加 compete in 参加(比赛,竞赛)
5. allow for顾及;为……做准备
The journey usually takes six weeks but you should allow for delays caused by bad weather.这段旅程通常需六周时间, 但你应当把坏天气造成的延误也考虑进去。
In judging the quality of his work, we must allow for his youth.在鉴定他的工作质量的时候,我们必须考虑他还年青这一因素。
【知识拓展】 take sth. into consideration 考虑;体谅 take sth. into account考虑;顾及
6. break away from从……逃走;从……脱离,与……断绝关系
Abraham Lincoln was able to unite the country during the period of American history when seven Southern states tried to break away from the Union and start their own country. 在美国历史上,当南方的7个州想脱离美国独立建国时,亚伯拉罕·林肯维护了国家的统一。
He broke away from all his old friends. 他同他所有的老朋友断绝了往来。
You must break away from such habits. 你必须改掉那些习惯。
【知识拓展】 break away 断掉break down 故障;分解 break in 侵入;打岔break into 闯入;突然发出 break off 折断;断绝break out 爆发 break up 分开;驱散;放假break through 突破,克服,征服,强行穿过(进入)
7. trial and error 反复试验
Like many animals, people also learn to swim through trial and error. 像许多动物一样,人也要通过反复实验才能学会游泳。
We were given no instructions how to do the work, so we had to learn to do it by trial and error.没人指导我们如可干这项工作,我们只有反复尝试摸索着干。
【知识拓展】 try on试穿try out试用 try one’s best尽力
三、重点句型解析
1. as if引导状语从句
【课文原句】 I know people are trying to help, but I wish they wouldn’t treat me as if I were a child.
【经典考例】 I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.
A. knew B. knows
C. has known D. had known
【考点解析】 as if意为“似乎;好像”,引导状语从句。如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用过去时;如表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时;表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用would / might / could + 动词原形。句意“我无法忍受他。他总是说起话来好像什么都知道。”答案为A。
2. while引导让步状语从句
【课文原句】 Maybe it is time for the rest of society to accept me as I am and get used to the fact that while I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do.
【经典考例】 1. ________ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. (2007 山东)
A. As B. Since C. If D. While
2. ________ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.(2004浙江)
A. While B. SinceC. As D. If
【考点解析】 while可引导让步状语从句,相当于although,通常置于句首,意为“虽然;尽管”。例1答案为D,例2答案为A。
3. as引起的让步倒装
【课文原句】 Disabled as he is, he is also a human being with dignity.
【经典考例】 1. _________, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.(2007重庆)
A. Strange as might it sound
B. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound
D. Strange as it might sound
2. _________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.(2005重庆)
A. A quiet student as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may
D. Quiet as he may be a student
【考点解析】 as引导让步状语从句时,意为“尽管,虽然”,从句多位于主句之前,而且必须使用倒装语序。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语,则把表语置于句首,而且名词前要省略冠词;如果从句中有修饰动词的副词,则将该副词置于句首;如果从句中有情态动词,则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。句意“尽管卡罗琳试了,但她还是无法把门打开。”例1答案为D,例2答案为B。
4. 不定式的时态
【课文原句】We are said to be living in the “Information Age”, a time of new discoveries and great changes.
【经典考例】 1. Hurry up, he is sure ______ for us. (NMET 1995)
A. to wait B. to be waiting
C. waiting D. being waited
2. AIDS is said ______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. (2006湖北卷)
A. that it is B. to be
C. that it has been D. to have been
【考点解析】 不定式有三种基本形式:to do, to be doing和to have done。to be doing为不定式的进行式,强调一动作在进行着;to have done为不定式的完成式,强调动作已经发生或结束。例1答案为B。be sure 后应接不定式。根据句意,现在之所以应快点走是因为他正在等我们,所以应用不定式的进行式。例2答案为D,表示这个行为发生在句子谓语is said之前。
5. have + 宾语 + 过去分词
【课文原句】 You will never have to worry about having your bike stolen again.
【经典考例】 You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it _______ often enough. (2005天津)
A. explaining B. to explain
C. explain D. explained
【考点解析】 have + 宾语 + 过去分词意为“使 / 让 / 某事被……”,过去分词作宾语补足语,表被动。题中的it指the traffic rule,它与explain之间是被动关系,即交通法规被解释,故答案为D。
6. now that用作连词词组,引导原因状语从句
【课文原句】 Now that we are developing new technology at such a high pace, the true challenge is to find new ways of using it.
【经典考例】 ________ she is out of job, Lucy has been considering going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. Now that B. Even though
C. No matter what D. Except that
【考点解析】 Now that用作连词词组,意为“既然;由于”,引导原因状语从句,句意“由于失业了,露西一直在考虑回校学习,但她还没最终决定。”答案为A,此外在口语中that常可省略。
7. 助动词do强调谓语
【课文原句】 We do cut and paste, but we don’t use scissors or glue.
【经典考例】 An awful accident _______, however, occur the other day.
A. do B. did C. has D. had
【考点解析】 在肯定句中,可以用do放在谓语动词之前,强调谓语部分,意为“务必、一定、真的、确实”等。这时动词要用原形。当句子为现在时态,由do, does 构成,若句子为过去时态,由did 构成。由句中的the other day可知答案为B。
1. potential
【考纲释义】 n.潜力;可能性 adj. 可能的;潜在的
【备考实例】 Forestry may be the branch of agriculture with the greatest ________for increases in productivity.
A. arrangement B. ability
C. potential D. investment
【考点解析】 句意“林业可能是农业中提高生产力潜力最大的一个分支。”答案为C。
【知识拓展】 potential investors潜在的投资者 potential energy 势能
2. adjust
【考纲释义】 vt. 校正;调整vi. 适应
【备考实例】 He tried to_____________his daily schedule to leave time for everything.
A. adapt B. adjust
C. adopt D. correct
【考点解析】 句意“他设法调整日常时间表,以便能有时间顾及所有的事。”adjust意为“调整”,adapt意为“适应;改编”,adopt“领养;采纳”。答案为B。
【知识拓展】 adapt,adjust辨析
表“适应”时,adapt指在原来的情况下作某些改变以适应新环境或不同的条件,强调改变的目的和重要性;adjust侧重过程,主要用于调整角度、高度等。
3. participate
【考纲释义】 vi. 参与;参加
【备考实例】 He spends holiday at the seashore, and goes to participate __________ surfing every day.
A. for B. in
C. to D. at
【考点解析】 句意“他在海滨度假,并天天去参加冲浪运动。”participate用作不及物动词,意为“参加;参与”,后接宾语要带介词in,participate in = take part in “参与;参加”。答案为B。
【知识拓展】 participate in参加;参与
4. conduct
【考纲释义】 vt. 主持,领导,引导;控制
【备考实例】 Most plastics do not readily ___________ heat or electricity.
A. take B. introduce
C. conduct D. search
【考点解析】 句意“大多数塑料不易导电导热。”conduct表示“引导,导电”。答案为C。
【知识拓展】 conduct an opera指挥乐曲conduct an experiment 做实验 conducts oneself well行为端正
5. accessible
【考纲释义】 adj. 容易取得的,容易获得的,容易达到的
【备考实例】 Medicine should not be kept where it is ___________ to children.
A. changeable B. accessible
C. reliable D. manageable
【考点解析】 句意“药品不应放在儿童容易拿到的地方。”答案为B。
【知识拓展】 access接近; 达到; 进入; 入口, 通路
have / gain / get access to得以接近;得以会见;得以进入be easy (hard) of access容易(难)接近
6. attempt
【考纲释义】 vt. & n. 尝试;企图
【备考实例】 While they were lost at sea, they attempted ________ in touch with people on shore but without luck.
A. getting B. to getting
C. to get D. for getting
【考点解析】 句意“当他们在海上迷失方向时,他们尝试与岸上的人取得联系但没有成功。”attempt to do sth意为“企图做某事;尝试做某事”。答案为C。
【知识拓展】 attempt to do sth.企图做某事;尝试做某事 make an attempt to do sth.尝试做某事in one’s attempt to do sth. 试图做某事an attempted murder 杀人未遂
7. reject
【考纲释义】 vt. 拒绝;抛弃
【备考实例】 We’ll have to __________ these. They’ve got little cracks in them.
A. refuse B. deng
C. decline D. reject
【考点解析】 句意“我们不得不拒绝买这几件产品,因为产品上有细裂纹。”答案为D。refuse指坚决地不友善地拒绝别人的期望;deny指否定;decline指礼貌地拒绝提议或邀请;reject多指由于某物某事某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝。
8. aware
【考纲释义】 adj. 意识到的;知道的;觉察到的
【备考实例】 He is quite ________ of the risk, but he has no choice but to go ahead.
A. eager B. aware
C. sensitive D. serious
【考点解析】 句意“他非常清楚风险,但他别无选择只有继续做下去。”be aware of sth意为“知道;意识到”。答案为B。
【知识拓展】 be aware of 知道;觉察到,意识到make sb. aware of… 使某人意识到…… be aware that…知道……
二、重点短语
1. get around行走;到处走动;(消息)传开,散布
Make it a useful trip, won’t you? Get around and make some friends. 作一次有成果的旅行,好吗?去走一走吧,结交一些朋友。
Word began to get around that Kunta had actually been seen smiling and even laughing in Bell’s kitchen. 有些流言开始不胫而走,有人看到昆塔在贝尔的厨房里居然笑了,甚至哈哈大笑。
【知识拓展】 get along 进展 get away from逃离;摆脱 get out离去;(消息等)泄露get over克服,解决(问题等) get through接通电话;完成;度过;通过
2. live a ...life 过……的生活
They live a lonely life in a lonely house in the hills. 他们在山中一栋孤零零的房子里过着寂寞的生活。
Let us work hard and study well and live a happy and healthy life.让我们努力工作,好好学习,过幸福健康的生活。
Don’t take things too seriously — Live a life of serenity, not a life of regrets. 不要事事都太计较——过平静的生活,不要活在悔恨之中。
【知识拓展】 lead a ... life过……的生活 live with忍受;接受live through度过;经历过
4. participate in参与;参加
Terry can’t participate in the match because he has hurt his foot. 特里不能参加比赛,因为他扭伤了脚。
I am too clumsy of speech to participate in the debate.我太笨嘴拙舌了,参加不了辩论会。
【知识拓展】 take part in 参加 join in 参加 run for参加……竞选 enter for 报名参加 compete in 参加(比赛,竞赛)
5. allow for顾及;为……做准备
The journey usually takes six weeks but you should allow for delays caused by bad weather.这段旅程通常需六周时间, 但你应当把坏天气造成的延误也考虑进去。
In judging the quality of his work, we must allow for his youth.在鉴定他的工作质量的时候,我们必须考虑他还年青这一因素。
【知识拓展】 take sth. into consideration 考虑;体谅 take sth. into account考虑;顾及
6. break away from从……逃走;从……脱离,与……断绝关系
Abraham Lincoln was able to unite the country during the period of American history when seven Southern states tried to break away from the Union and start their own country. 在美国历史上,当南方的7个州想脱离美国独立建国时,亚伯拉罕·林肯维护了国家的统一。
He broke away from all his old friends. 他同他所有的老朋友断绝了往来。
You must break away from such habits. 你必须改掉那些习惯。
【知识拓展】 break away 断掉break down 故障;分解 break in 侵入;打岔break into 闯入;突然发出 break off 折断;断绝break out 爆发 break up 分开;驱散;放假break through 突破,克服,征服,强行穿过(进入)
7. trial and error 反复试验
Like many animals, people also learn to swim through trial and error. 像许多动物一样,人也要通过反复实验才能学会游泳。
We were given no instructions how to do the work, so we had to learn to do it by trial and error.没人指导我们如可干这项工作,我们只有反复尝试摸索着干。
【知识拓展】 try on试穿try out试用 try one’s best尽力
三、重点句型解析
1. as if引导状语从句
【课文原句】 I know people are trying to help, but I wish they wouldn’t treat me as if I were a child.
【经典考例】 I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.
A. knew B. knows
C. has known D. had known
【考点解析】 as if意为“似乎;好像”,引导状语从句。如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用过去时;如表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时;表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用would / might / could + 动词原形。句意“我无法忍受他。他总是说起话来好像什么都知道。”答案为A。
2. while引导让步状语从句
【课文原句】 Maybe it is time for the rest of society to accept me as I am and get used to the fact that while I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do.
【经典考例】 1. ________ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. (2007 山东)
A. As B. Since C. If D. While
2. ________ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.(2004浙江)
A. While B. SinceC. As D. If
【考点解析】 while可引导让步状语从句,相当于although,通常置于句首,意为“虽然;尽管”。例1答案为D,例2答案为A。
3. as引起的让步倒装
【课文原句】 Disabled as he is, he is also a human being with dignity.
【经典考例】 1. _________, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.(2007重庆)
A. Strange as might it sound
B. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound
D. Strange as it might sound
2. _________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.(2005重庆)
A. A quiet student as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may
D. Quiet as he may be a student
【考点解析】 as引导让步状语从句时,意为“尽管,虽然”,从句多位于主句之前,而且必须使用倒装语序。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语,则把表语置于句首,而且名词前要省略冠词;如果从句中有修饰动词的副词,则将该副词置于句首;如果从句中有情态动词,则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。句意“尽管卡罗琳试了,但她还是无法把门打开。”例1答案为D,例2答案为B。
4. 不定式的时态
【课文原句】We are said to be living in the “Information Age”, a time of new discoveries and great changes.
【经典考例】 1. Hurry up, he is sure ______ for us. (NMET 1995)
A. to wait B. to be waiting
C. waiting D. being waited
2. AIDS is said ______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. (2006湖北卷)
A. that it is B. to be
C. that it has been D. to have been
【考点解析】 不定式有三种基本形式:to do, to be doing和to have done。to be doing为不定式的进行式,强调一动作在进行着;to have done为不定式的完成式,强调动作已经发生或结束。例1答案为B。be sure 后应接不定式。根据句意,现在之所以应快点走是因为他正在等我们,所以应用不定式的进行式。例2答案为D,表示这个行为发生在句子谓语is said之前。
5. have + 宾语 + 过去分词
【课文原句】 You will never have to worry about having your bike stolen again.
【经典考例】 You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it _______ often enough. (2005天津)
A. explaining B. to explain
C. explain D. explained
【考点解析】 have + 宾语 + 过去分词意为“使 / 让 / 某事被……”,过去分词作宾语补足语,表被动。题中的it指the traffic rule,它与explain之间是被动关系,即交通法规被解释,故答案为D。
6. now that用作连词词组,引导原因状语从句
【课文原句】 Now that we are developing new technology at such a high pace, the true challenge is to find new ways of using it.
【经典考例】 ________ she is out of job, Lucy has been considering going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. Now that B. Even though
C. No matter what D. Except that
【考点解析】 Now that用作连词词组,意为“既然;由于”,引导原因状语从句,句意“由于失业了,露西一直在考虑回校学习,但她还没最终决定。”答案为A,此外在口语中that常可省略。
7. 助动词do强调谓语
【课文原句】 We do cut and paste, but we don’t use scissors or glue.
【经典考例】 An awful accident _______, however, occur the other day.
A. do B. did C. has D. had
【考点解析】 在肯定句中,可以用do放在谓语动词之前,强调谓语部分,意为“务必、一定、真的、确实”等。这时动词要用原形。当句子为现在时态,由do, does 构成,若句子为过去时态,由did 构成。由句中的the other day可知答案为B。