始于十九世纪中叶的近代中国，在外国资本帝国主义和本国封建势力的压迫下，陷入苦难深重和极度屈辱的深渊中。国家的主权被剥夺，经济命脉被控制在外国人手中。封建专制主义的清王朝统治中国已有二百年，在面对西方列强侵略的严重形势下，不能采取有效的自强措施，反而压制 In the midst of the nineteenth century, modern China plunged into the abyss of suffering and extreme humiliation under the pressure of foreign capitalist imperialism and its own feudal forces. The sovereignty of the country is deprived of the economic lifeline is controlled by foreigners. The feudal and despotic Qing dynasty ruled China for two hundred years. Instead of taking effective self-reinforcing measures in the face of the grave situation of the Western powers’ aggression, the feudal despotism repressed