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干旱区的高山寒区水文过程对气候变化特别敏感,冰川、积雪和冻土变化产生的水文效应对下游水资源供给具有重要影响.以天山南坡清水河流域为研究区域,通过分析水文站径流变化,结合流域上游山区巴伦台的气象资料,研究了高寒流域在气候变化背景下径流过程的响应特征.结果表明:降水变化决定着径流过程,但气温上升对径流产生额外影响;气温变化产生的径流变化对径流产生延迟效应,冬季径流明显增加.南疆天山地区冬季积雪较少,产生的春季融水径流不明显;夏季降水和径流同期出现,使得高寒山区水文过程对固体降水变化不敏感;冻土退化产生的水文效应使冬季径流增加明显.为应对气候变化对水文过程产生的影响,应加强山区水库建设,通过工程措施调节,保障持续的水资源供给和利用.
The hydrological process of alpine cold area in arid area is particularly sensitive to climate change, and the hydrological effects caused by the change of glacier, snow and permafrost have an important impact on the supply of downstream water resources.Taking Qingshui River Basin as a research area on the southern slope of Tianshan Mountains, Runoff change in the upper reaches of the basin, and the meteorological data of Balentai in the upper reaches of the river basin, the response characteristics of the runoff in the cold-cold watershed under the background of climate change were studied. The results show that the change of precipitation determines the runoff process but the increase of temperature has an additional impact on the runoff; The change of runoff produced a delay effect on runoff, and the runoff increased obviously in winter. The snow in winter in Tianshan Mountains of southern Xinjiang was less, and the runoff in spring was not obvious. The precipitation and runoff occurred in summer and over the same period, Insensitive to the hydrological effects caused by the degradation of frozen soils in winter to increase the runoff.In order to deal with the impact of climate change on the hydrological process, we should strengthen the reservoir construction in mountain areas and adjust the project measures to ensure the sustainable water supply and utilization.