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如果所填的动词在句子中不做谓语,那就应考虑用动词的非谓语形式。动词的非谓语形式主要有:动词不定式、动词的-ing形式、过去分词等。到底采用哪一种形式,要根据习惯搭配、各种非谓语形式的用途和特点、修辞及句子结构的要求等方面来决定。
1. 在be busy,what about,how about等之后用动词的-ing形式。
例如: What about playing football now?
2. 在介词之后一般用动词-ing形式。
例如:He does well in playing basketball.
3. 在keep,enjoy,finish,mind等动词后用动词的-ing形式。
例如:You kept forgetting to bring your book.
4. 在动词decide,hope,wish,plan等词后面用动词不定式做宾语,而在ask, tell, order, invite之后用动词不定式的复合结构,即“ask sb. to do sth.”的形式。
例如: Li Lei decided to help Mary with her English.Mr. Smith asked me to help him.
5. 在see, hear, watch, notice, let, make, help 等词后面做宾语补足语的动词不定式可省略不定式符号 to。
例如:A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.
6. 在It’s time(for sb.) to do sth. / It’s very kind (nice,good) of sb. to do sth. / It takes sb. some time to do sth.的句型中使用不定式短语做句子的真正主语。
例如:It’s time for us to go to school.
7. “疑问代 / 副词(why除外) +to do sth.”结构在句中可做主语、表语或宾语。
例如:The question is when to start. I don’t know where to go.
【练习】
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. Tom didn’t know where ________(go) .
2. The boy ________(stand) under the tree is my brother Jim.
3. Books ________(write) in easy English are very popular in middle schools of China.
4. The old men enjoy ________(listen) to the singing of the birds.
5. Tom told his teacher he______( not finish ) his homework yet.
6. Hurry up!The play________ (be on ) for ten minutes.
7. Do you know if he ________ back next week?If he ________ back,please let me know. (come)
8. —When ________ this kind of computer ________?
—Last year. (use )
9. —Hi!Lin Tao. I didn’t see you at the party.
—Oh,I ________ (get) ready for the maths exam.
10. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ________ (be ) Christmas Day.
【答案与解析】
1. to go。动词go的逻辑主语是Tom,须用go的不定式形式。在此,where to go做宾语。
2. standing。 主语boy与动词stand是主动关系,句中又有谓语,故须用动词stand的现在分
词形式standing,与其后的介词短语构成分词结构做句中主语的定语。
3. written。主语books与动词write是被动关系,句中又有谓语,故须用动词write的过去分
词形式written,与其后的介词短语构成分词结构做句中主语的定语。
4. listening。enjoy, practice, finish, prefer等动词在句中做谓语时,其后常用动词的-ing形式。
5. hadn’t finished。若主句中谓语动词用过去时,则其从句谓语动词须用过去时的某种形式。
6. has been on。since后接时间的起点,for后接时间段,主句动词用现在完成时,应注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的区别使用。
7. will come;comes。if既可引导宾语从句,也可引导状语从句。充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,意思是“是否”;充当状语从句的连接词时,意思是“如果”。从时态看,if引导宾语从句时谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化;引导表示将来动作或状
态的条件状语从句时,若主句用一般将来时,则从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
8. was;used。此题由下句的时间状语推断出用一般过去时,并且要考虑到使用被动语态。
9. was getting。此题由didn’t,at the party推断出应用过去进行时。
10. is。有些句子其动词的时态是“违背常理”的。如宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或客观真理时,其时态不受主句限制而用一般现在时。
1. 在be busy,what about,how about等之后用动词的-ing形式。
例如: What about playing football now?
2. 在介词之后一般用动词-ing形式。
例如:He does well in playing basketball.
3. 在keep,enjoy,finish,mind等动词后用动词的-ing形式。
例如:You kept forgetting to bring your book.
4. 在动词decide,hope,wish,plan等词后面用动词不定式做宾语,而在ask, tell, order, invite之后用动词不定式的复合结构,即“ask sb. to do sth.”的形式。
例如: Li Lei decided to help Mary with her English.Mr. Smith asked me to help him.
5. 在see, hear, watch, notice, let, make, help 等词后面做宾语补足语的动词不定式可省略不定式符号 to。
例如:A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.
6. 在It’s time(for sb.) to do sth. / It’s very kind (nice,good) of sb. to do sth. / It takes sb. some time to do sth.的句型中使用不定式短语做句子的真正主语。
例如:It’s time for us to go to school.
7. “疑问代 / 副词(why除外) +to do sth.”结构在句中可做主语、表语或宾语。
例如:The question is when to start. I don’t know where to go.
【练习】
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. Tom didn’t know where ________(go) .
2. The boy ________(stand) under the tree is my brother Jim.
3. Books ________(write) in easy English are very popular in middle schools of China.
4. The old men enjoy ________(listen) to the singing of the birds.
5. Tom told his teacher he______( not finish ) his homework yet.
6. Hurry up!The play________ (be on ) for ten minutes.
7. Do you know if he ________ back next week?If he ________ back,please let me know. (come)
8. —When ________ this kind of computer ________?
—Last year. (use )
9. —Hi!Lin Tao. I didn’t see you at the party.
—Oh,I ________ (get) ready for the maths exam.
10. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ________ (be ) Christmas Day.
【答案与解析】
1. to go。动词go的逻辑主语是Tom,须用go的不定式形式。在此,where to go做宾语。
2. standing。 主语boy与动词stand是主动关系,句中又有谓语,故须用动词stand的现在分
词形式standing,与其后的介词短语构成分词结构做句中主语的定语。
3. written。主语books与动词write是被动关系,句中又有谓语,故须用动词write的过去分
词形式written,与其后的介词短语构成分词结构做句中主语的定语。
4. listening。enjoy, practice, finish, prefer等动词在句中做谓语时,其后常用动词的-ing形式。
5. hadn’t finished。若主句中谓语动词用过去时,则其从句谓语动词须用过去时的某种形式。
6. has been on。since后接时间的起点,for后接时间段,主句动词用现在完成时,应注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的区别使用。
7. will come;comes。if既可引导宾语从句,也可引导状语从句。充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,意思是“是否”;充当状语从句的连接词时,意思是“如果”。从时态看,if引导宾语从句时谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化;引导表示将来动作或状
态的条件状语从句时,若主句用一般将来时,则从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
8. was;used。此题由下句的时间状语推断出用一般过去时,并且要考虑到使用被动语态。
9. was getting。此题由didn’t,at the party推断出应用过去进行时。
10. is。有些句子其动词的时态是“违背常理”的。如宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或客观真理时,其时态不受主句限制而用一般现在时。