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在德语构词中,一些原本独立的词素通过与其它词素组合并系列构词,在意义和功能上渐渐远离其原来的独立词素,从而发展成为非独立后缀,这些后缀在构词学上称为类后缀。在现代德语的形容词中,出现了许多形容词类后缀。为了准确地使用这类词,需对这些词的构成及其后缀的语义进行研究。文章以表示存在与非存在意义的形容词后缀为例,对这些词缀的语义进行了详细地分析,并由此得出结论,该类形容词的词基大多是由名词担当,另外,表示存在与非存在意义的这组词的语义之间存在一个语义上的梯度过渡区域。
In German word-building, some of the original independent morphemes developed into non-independent suffixes by combining with other morphemes in combination with a series of word-building, gradually moving away from their original independent morphemes in meaning and function. These suffixes are morphologically known as Class suffix. In modern German adjectives, there are many adjective suffixes. In order to accurately use these words, the composition of these words and the semantics of their suffixes need to be studied. Taking the suffixes of adjectives that indicate existence and non-existent significance as examples, the article analyzes the semantics of these affixes in detail, and concludes that most of the adjectives’ nouns are played by nouns. In addition, There is a semantic gradient transition between semantics of the group of meaning words.